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376 CHYLE, LYMPH, TRANSUDATES AND EXUDATES.
of Baumann and Roos that the active substance is iodothyrin, as thk
can be produced as a cleavage product from the iodothyreoglobulin. In
fact Oswald has found in the tryptic digestion of iodothyreoglobulin
that a substance ’similar to iodothyrin is produced; important inves-
tigations x
nevertheless make it probable that the thyreoglobulin is
the active substance and not the iodothyrin. There are several reasons
why the action of the thyroid gland substance is not due to one substance,
but to several.
Iodothyrin is considered by Baumann, who first showed that the thyroid con-
tained iodine and who with Roos 2
proved the importance of this substance for the
physiological activity of the gland, as the only active substance. By boiling the
finely divided gland with dilute sulphuric acid Baumann obtained iodothyrin
as an amorphous, brown mass, nearly insoluble in water but readily soluble in
alkali and precipitated again by the addition of acid. The iodothyrin, which
is not a unit bod}’, has a variable content of iodine and is not a protein substance.
According to v. Furth and Schwarz it is probably a melanoid-like transforma-
tion product of the iodized protein of the gland produced by the action of the
acid.
Thyreoglobulin or iodothyreoglobulin was obtained by Oswald from
the watery extract of the gland by half saturating with ammonium sul-
phate. It has the properties of the globulins and with the exception of
the iodine content it has about the same composition as the proteins.
The amount of iodine varies: 0.46 per cent in pigs, 0.86 per cent in oxen,
and 0.34 per cent in man. In the iodothyreoglobulin of the ox, Nuren-
berg 3
found 0.59-0.86 per cent iodine and 1.83-2.0 per cent sulphur.
In young animals, whose glands contain no iodine, the thyreoglobulin
is iodine-free. Thyreoglobulin on taking up iodine is converted into
iodothyreoglobulin. By introducing iodine salts the iodine content of the
iodothyreoglobulin can be raised in living animals and thus the physiological
activity increased (Oswald). The amount of iodine in the gland is
markedly dependent upon the food.
Jolin has examined a large number of thyroid glands from healthy and
diseased persons (in Sweden), for their iodine content. In 28 children, ages
1
See Oswald. Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 60; Pick and Pineles, Zeitschr. f.
exp. Path. u. Therap., 7.
2
In regard to this subject, see Baumann and Roos, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 21
and 22; also Baumann, Miinch. med. Wochenschr., 1896; Baumann and Goldmann,
ibid.; Roos., ibid.; v. Furth and Schwarz, Pfliiger’s Arch., 124. An extensive review
of the literature on the action of iodothyrin and the thyroid preparations can be found
in Roos, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 22, 18. In regard to their action in protein catabo-
lism and in metabolism, see F. Voit, Zeitschr. f. Biologie, 35; Schondorff, Pliiger’s Arch.,
67, and Andersson and Bergman, Skand. Arch. f. Physiol., 8; Magnus-Levy, Zeitschr.
f. klin. Med., 32. In regard to the function of the thyroid gland see also Sw. Vincent^
Innere Sckretion etc. Ergebnisse d. Physiol., 11, 218-302.
3
Bioch. Zeitschr., 16.
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