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ADRENAL BODIES. 377
varying between 1 and 10 years, he found an average of 0.28 p. m. iodine in the
glands. In 108 normal glands above 10 years old or adults the iodine content
varied with an average of 1.56 p. in. iodine. In glands from persons after using
iodine preparations (o4 rases) the iodine content was 2.56 p.m. The amount
of silicic acid in normal thyroid glands was found by 11. Schulz ’
to be on an
average 0.084 |». m., calculated on the dry substance. In goitres from Grbifswald
and ZURICH he found 0.17") and 0.434 p. m., respectively. There does not seem
to be any connection between the silicic acid content of the drinking water and
the occurrence of goitre.
YYe cannot enter into a discussion as to the various hypotheses and
theories in regard to the mode of action of the constituents of the thyroids.
In the tetany appearing after parathyroidectomy many investigators
find an increased elimination of calcium, nitrogen and ammonia and the
hypothesis has been suggested that the tetany depends upon an increased
irritability of the nervous system due to lack of calcium. The fact as
found by several experimenters that a diminished calcium content of the
organs in question does not occur, speaks against this theory. On the
contrary, it seems to be generally admitted that lime salts reduce or
prevent the tetany and, according to Frouin,2
this depends upon the lime
combining with the carbonic acid produced, which is the cause of the
tetany. The tetany is produced at least from a poison which is formed
only on the removal of the parathyroids or if it is regularly produced
it is made harmless by these organs.
G. Mansfield and Fr. Muller 3 have made investigations in regard
to the action of the thyroids upon protein metabolism which indicate
that lack of oxygen acts as an excitant upon the thyroids and that the
increased protein catabolism, which occurs to a mean degree with lack
of oxygen, depends upon a hyperfunction of the thyroid glands brought
on by this condition. With greater lack of oxygen besides this a general
damage to the protoplasm of the bod}’ cells may occur.4
The Adrenal Bodies. Besides proteins, substances of the connect-
ive tissue, and salts, there occur in the suprarenal capsule inosite, purine
bases, especially xanthine (Oker-Blom), phosphatides and glycerophos-
phoric acid, which is probabty a decomposition product of the latter.
The earlier accounts of the occurrence of benzoic acid, hippuric acid,
and bile-acids are, on the contrary, doubtful, and are not substantiated
by recent investigations (Stadelmann 5
). The medullary substance
1
John, Hammarsten’s Festschr., 1906; H. Schulz, Bioch. Zeitschr., 46.
2
Compt. Rend., 148.
3
Pfluger’s Arch., 143.
4
A very complete discussion of the physiology of the thyroid gland and the pertinent
literature may be found in Sw. Vincent, Ergebnisse der Physiologie, 11, 218-302.
5 Oker-Blom, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chein., 28; Stadelmann, ibid., 18, which also
contains the literature on this subject.
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