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378 CHYLE, LYMPH, TRANSUDATES AND EXUDATES.
contains the so-called chromaffine tissue, i.e., cells, whose substance is
colored brown by chromic acid or chromates.
Earlier investigators, like Vulpian and Arnold, have found, in the
medulla, a chromogen which has been considered as connected with the
abnormal pigmentation of the skin in Addison’s disease. This chromogen,
which is transformed by air, light, alkalies, iodine, and other bodies into
a red pigment, seems, on the contrary, to be related to the substance
adrenalin, of the gland which produces an increase in the blood-pressure.
Choline has been shown to have a reverse effect upon this blood-pressure
raising action, and Lohmann has shown that it is formed in the cortical
substance of the adrenals. In the cortical this last-mentioned exper-
imenter x
has found besides neurin, another not known base. That
the watery extract of the adrenals has a blood-pressure raising action
was shown by Oliver and Schafer, Cybulski and Szymonowicz.2
The substance which is here active was formerly called sphygmogenin
and has also other actions besides bringing about a marked increase
in blood-pressure by the strong contraction of the muscles of the periphery
vessels; for instance, it can bring about glycosuria and mydriasis, espe-
cially in the frog’s eye, has been chemically investigated by numerous
experimenters.3 v. Furth calls it suprarenin, Abel epinephrin. and
Takamine adrenalin. This last name seems to be the most generally
accepted one.
Adrenalin (suprarenin epinephrin) (methylaminoethanolpyrocatechin)
CH
(HO)C C.CH(OH).CH2 .NHCH3
C9H13 N03 ,= I ||
(HO)C CH
V
CH
The constitution of adrenalin has been essentially proved by Friedmann,4
and he has shown the correctness of the above formula, which was given by
Pauly. The synthesis of adrenalin, which was first performed by Stolz, 5
is
also in accordance with this formula. By the action of methylamine upon
chloracetopyrocatechin we obtain methylaminoaceto-pyrocatechin:
C6 H3 (OH)2 .COCH,Cl +XH.CH3 = C6 H3 (OH) 2 .COCH,.NHCH3 .HCl,
which yields adrenalin on reduction.
’Centralbl. f. Physiol., 21, and Pfliiger’s Arch., 118 and Zeitschr. f. Biol., 56.
2
Oliver and Schafer, Proceed, of Physiol. Soc, London, 1895. Further literature
on the function of the adrenals may be found in Sw. Vincent, Innere Sekretion, etc.
Ergebnisse d. Physiol., 9, 505-585.
3
The literature on this subject may be found in Abderhalden’s Bioch. Handlexikon
Bd. 5, s. 454-495.
4
Hofmeister’s Beitrage, 8.
s
Ber. d. d. chem. Gesellsch., 37.
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