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CH0LESTERIN8. 449
found a dihydrocholesterin in the contents in a part of the ileum which had been
disconnected from the other part of the intestine for 14 years. This had the
same optical rotation and the same melting-point, 142-143° C, as the dihydro-
cholesterin (j8-cholestanol) prepared by Diels and Abderhalden, Willstatter
and Mayer.
Hippokoprosterin is another cholesterin richer in hydrogen, which Bondzynbkj
and Hi M\i( Ki found in the feces of the horse. Its formula is C^Ho.O. According
to I>i>kki: and Gardner it is not an animal cleavage product, but a constituent
of the grass used as fodder. It melts at 78.5-79.5° C.
Isocholesterin is a cholesterin, so called by Schulze, 1
with the formula
ChHuO, which occurs in wool-fat, and is therefore found to a great extent in
so-called lanolin. It gives the Liebermann-Burchard reaction, but .does not
give Salkowski’s reaction. It melts at 138-138.5° C. The specific rotation in
7 per ceni ethereal solution is (a) D = 4-59.1°.
Spongosterin, C^ILsO is themame given by Henze2
to a cholesterin isolated by
him from a silicious sponge. It is very similar to cholesterin, but is not identical
with it or with phytocholesterins. It gives the Liebermann-Burchard reaction as
well as Salkowski’s reaction, but the last test is not quite so beautiful a red.
Obermuller’s reaction is negative. Melting-point 123-124°.
Bombicesterin is the name given by Menozzi and Moreschi 3
to a cholesterin
isolated by them from the chrysalis of the silkworm, which has a melting-point
of 148° and a specific rotation of (<*)d = —34°.
The cholesterin occurring in the intestine is derived in part from the
food, in part from the bile and part, as shown from the contents of a
ligatured portion of the intestine (see Chapter VIII), from the epithelium
or the secretion of the intestinal mucosa. That a part of the cholesterin
of the intestine disappears has been shown by Kusumoto, although
it remains undecided whether this takes place by bacterial decomposi-
tion or by absorption. Levites 4
on the contrary, recovered the cho-
lesterin introduced into dogs almost quantitatively. The behavior of
cholesterin in metabolism is not well known; Lifschutz believes that he
has detected by his color-reaction the oxidation products of cholesterin
in the blood and in bone-fat.
The cholesterins belong to the so-called lipoids, which have been
mentioned in previous chapters (I and VI), and are of the greatest
importance as constituents of the outer envelope of erythrocytes and
the cells in general. Cholesterin is also of great interest because it inhibits
or prevents the haemolysis produced by certain bodies, and therefore
acts as a certain protective power in the animal bod}’. This action of
the cholesterins in regard to inhibiting the haemolytic action of saponin,
1
Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Gesellsch., 6; Journal f. prakt. Chem. (N. F.), 25; and
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 14, 522. See also E. Schulze and J. Barbieri, Journal f.
prakt. Chem. (N. F.) ( 25, 159. In regard to the formula for isocholesterin, see
Darmstiidter and Lifschutz, Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Gesellsch., 31, and E. Schulze,
ibid., 1200.
2
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 41 and 55.
s
Cited from Chem. Centralbl., 1908, 1377 and 1910, 872.
4
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 57.
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