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PHENACETURIC ACID. BENZOIC ACID. 723
filtrate by hydrochloric acid. The crystals arc purified by recrystalliza-
tion and decolorized, when necessary, by animal charcoal.
The quantitative estimation of hippuric acid in the urine may be
performed by the following method (Binge and Schmiedeberg):
The urine is first made faintly alkaline with soda, evaporated nearly to
dryness, and the residue thoroughly extracted with strong alcohol.
After the evaporation of the alcohol the residue is dissolved in water,
the solution acidified with sulphuric acid, and completely extracted by
agitating (at least five times) with fresh portions of acetic ether. The
acetic ether is then repeatedly washed with water, which is removed by
means of a separatory funnel, then evaporated at a medium temperature
and the dry residue treated repeatedly with petroleum-ether, which
dissolves the benzoic acid, oxyacids, fats, and phenols, while the hippuric
acid remains undissolved. This residue is ncrw dissolved in a little warm
water and evaporated at 50-60° C. to crystallization. The crystals are
collected on a small weighed filter. According to Henriques and
Sorensen the acidified urine can be directly shaken out with acetic ether,
the residue after evaporation of the acetic ether boiled with hydrochloric
acid in order to split the hippuric acid into benzoic acid and glycocoll
and the quantity of nitrogen in the latter determined by a formol titra-
tion. Other methods have recently been suggested by Folin and
Flanders, by Steenbock and by Hryntschak. 1
Phenaceturic Acid, Ci HnNO3=C6 H5 .CH..CO.XH.CH2 .COOH. This acid,
which is produced in the animal body by a combination of glycocoll with the phenyl-
acetic acid, CeH5.CH2.COOH, formed in the putrefaction of the proteins, has
been prepared from horse’s urine by Salkowski, 2
but it probably also occurs in
human urine. According to Vasiliu 3
it is just as important a constituent of the
urine of herbivora as hippuric acid is.
Benzoic Acid, CyHeOo or C6 H5 .COOH, is found in rabbit’s urine and sometimes,
though in small amounts, in dog’s urine (Weyl and v. Anrep). According to
Jaarsveld and Stokvis and to Kronecker it is also found in human urine in
diseases of the kidneys. The occurrence of benzoic acid in the urine seems to
be due to a fermentative decomposition of hippuric acid. Such a decomposi-
tion may very easily occur in an alkaline urine or in one containing proteid(\’AN
de Velde and Stokvis). In certain animals—pigs and dogs—the kidneys,
according to Schmiedeberg and Minkowski, 4
contain a special enzyme, Schmiede-
berg’s histozym,winch splits the hippuric acid with the separation of benzoic
acid.
Ethereal Sulphuric Acids. In the putrefaction of proteins in the
intestine, phenols—whose mother-substance is considered to be tyrosine
—
and also indol and skatol are produced. These phenols directly, and the
two last-named bodies after they have been oxidized respectively into
1
Bunge and Schmiedeberg, . Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 6; Henriques and
Sorensen, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 64; Folin and Flanders, Journ. of biol. Chem., 11;
Steenbock, ibid., 11; Hryntschak, Bioch. Zeitschr., 43.
2
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 9.
s
Mitteil. d. landw. Inst., Breslau, 4.
4
Weyl and v. Anrep, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 4; Jaarsveld and Stokvis, Arch,
f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 10; Kronecker, ibid., 16; Van de Velde and Stokvis, ibid.,
17; Schmiedeberg, ibid., 14, 379; Minkowski, ibid., 17.
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