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7’28 URINE.
ing agents, and quinone can be detected by its peculiar odor. Hydroquinone-
sulphuric acid is detected in the urine by the same methods as pyrocatechin sul-
phuric acid.
C.O.SO2.OH
Indoxyl-sulphuric Acid, C8H7NS04, C6H4\ 7CH , also called
NH
urine indican, formerly called uroxanthine (Heller), occurs as an
alkali-salt in the urine. This acid is the mother-substance of a great
part of the indigo of the urine. The quantity of indigo which can be
separated from the urine is considered as a measure of the quantity of
indoxyl-sulphuric acid (and indoxyl-glucuronic acid) contained in the
urine. This amount, according to Jaffe, for man is 5-20 milligrams
per twenty-four hours, and 0.9-37.6 milligrams according to Maillard.1
Horse’s urine contains about twenty-five times as much indigo-forming
substance as human urine.
Indoxyl-sulphuric acid is derived, as previously mentioned (page 515),
from indol, which is first oxidized in the body into indoxyl and is then
conjugated with sulphuric acid. After subcutaneous injection of indol
the elimination of indican is considerably increased (Jaffe, Baumann
and Brieger, and others). It is also increased by the introduction
in the animal organism of orthonitrophenolpropiolic acid (G. Hoppe-
Seyler 2
) . Indol is formed by the putrefaction of proteins. The
putrefaction of secretions rich in protein in the intestine also explains the
occurrence of indican in the urine during starvation. Gelatin, on the
contrary, does not increase the elimination of indican.
An abnormally increased elimination of indican occurs in those
diseases where the small intestines are obstructed, causing an increased
putrefaction and thus producing an abundance of indol. Such an increased
elimination of indican occurs on tying the small intestine of a dog, but
not the large intestine (Jaffe), an observation which has been recently
confirmed by Eldnger and Prutz.3
They removed an intestine loop
in dogs and replaced it in a reversed position, the distal end of the loop
being attached to the proximal end of the intestine, and in this manner,
by the inverted peristalsis so obtained, they effected a disturbance in
the movement of the intestinal contents. It was shown that this obstruc-
tion in the small intestine caused an increased elimination of indican,
while an obstruction in the large intestine showed no such action.
1
Jaffe, Pfliiger’s Arch., 3; Maillard, Journ. de Physiol, et de Pathol., 12.
2
Jaffe, Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., 1872; Baumann and Brieger, Zeitschr. f.
physiol. Chem., 3; G. Hoppe-Seyler, ibid., 7 and 8. See also Porcher and Hervieux,
Journ. de Phyisol., 7.
* Jaffe, Virchow’s Arch., 70; Ellinger and Prutz, Zeitschr. f . physiol. Chem., 38.
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