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730 URINE.
ments are produced, a behavior which Porcher and Hervieux » have observed in
several alkyl-substituted indols.
An increased elimination of indican has been observed in many
diseases,2
and in these cases the quantity of phenol eliminated is also
generally increased. A urine rich in phenol is not always rich in indican.
The potassium salt of indoxyl-sulphuric acid, which was prepared
pure by Baumann and Brieger from the urine of dog fedj on indol,
has subsequently been prepared synthetically by Baumann and Thesen,3
by fusing phenyl-glycine-orthocarboxylic acid with alkali and then from
this producing the indoxylsulphate by means of potassium pyrosulphate.
It crystallizes in colorless, shining plates or leaves which are easily soluble
in water, but less readily in alcohol. It is split by mineral acids into
sulphuric acid and indoxyl. The latter without access of air passes into
a red compound, indoxyl red, but in the presence of oxidizing reagents
is converted into indigo blue: 2C8H7NO+20 = Ci6HioN202+2H20. The
detection of indican is based on this last fact.
For the rather complicated preparation of indoxyl-sulphuric acid as
potassium salt from urine the reader is referred to other text-books.
For the detection of indican in urine in ordinary cases the following
method of Jaffe-Obermayer, which also serves as an approximate test
for the quantity of indican, is sufficient.
Jaffe-Obermayer’s Indican Test. Jaffe uses chloride of lime as
the oxidizing agent, while Obermayer employs ferric chloride. Other
oxidizing agents have been suggested, such as potassium permanganate,
potassium dichromate, alkali chlorate, and hydrogen peroxide (the
latter suggested by Porcher and Hervieux 4
) . With Obermayer’s
reagent the test is performed as follows:
The acid urine (if alkaline it must be acidified with acetic acid) (Ellin-
ger) is precipitated with basic lead acetate, 1 cc. for every 10 cc. of
the urine. 20 cc. of the filtrate are treated in a test-tube with an equal
volume of pure concentrated hydrochloric acid (specific gravity 1.19)
which contains 2-4 grams ferric chloride to the liter, and 2-3 cc. chloro-
form are added and the mixture immediately thoroughly shaken. The
chloroform is thereby colored more or less blue, depending upon the
amount of indican. Besides indigo blue we may also have indigo red
produced, whose formation has been explained in various ways. The
1
The work of Porcher and Hervieux can be found in Compt. Rend., 145, Corapt.
rend. soc. biol., 62, and Bull. soc. chim. (4), 1; Benedicenti, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem.,
53 and Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 1908, Suppl. (Schmiedeberg’s Festschr.).
2
See Jaffe, Pfliiger’s Arch., 3; Senator, Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., 1877;
G. Hoppe-Seyler, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 12 (contains older literature; also Berl.,
klin. Wochenschr., 1892.
3
Baumann with Brieger, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 3; with Thesen, ibid., 23.
* JafTc, Pfliiger’s Arch., 3; Obermeyer, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1890; Salkowski,
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 57; Porcher and Hervieux, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 39.
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