Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - XIV. Urine - II. Organic Physiological Constituents of Urine
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
Below is the raw OCR text
from the above scanned image.
Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan.
Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
UROBILIN. UROBILINOIDS. 743
Urobilin is the pigment first isolated from the urine by Jaff^:,1
and
which is characterized by its strong fluorescence and by its absorption-
spectrum. Various investigators have prepared, from the urine, by dif-
ferent methods, pigments which differed slightly from each other but
behaved essentially like Jaffa’s urobilin. Thus different urobilins have
been suggested, such as normal, febrile, physiological, and pathological
urobilins.2
The possibility of the occurrence of different urobilins in
the urine cannot be denied; but as urobilin is a readily changeable body
and difficult to purify from other urinary pigments, the question as to the
occurrence of different urobilins must still be considered open.
In the perfectly fresh urine of healthy human beings no urobilin
occurs, as first suggested by Saillet,3
but only the chromogen, urobilino-
gen, from which the urobilin is readily formed by the action of light
or by weak oxidizing agents. Pathological urines contain on the contrary
preformed urobilin.
Urobilinoids, i.e., bodies which are similar to urobilin in that they fluoresce
and show the same absorption spectrum have been prepared from bile-pig-
ments (by Maly and Stokvis) and from hsematin or harnatoporphyrin (by
Hoppe-Seyler, Le Nobel, Nencki and Sieber, MacMunn 4
) by reduction
as well as by oxidation. According to H. Fischer and Meyer-Betz 5
also non-
stable pyrrols, which contain a non-substituted hydrogen atom in a ring carbon
atom, pass readily in the animal body into substances which give the character-
istic urobilin reactions. These reactions are also given by bodies of different
constitution, but which probably contain the same ehromophore groups, and it is
these conditions which cause the above-mentioned uncertainty as to the occur-
rence of different urobilins.
That urobilin is identical with the hydrobilirubin of Maly (see page
428) has been considered for a long time. In opposition to this view
we find that both bodies, not to mention other small differences, have an
essentially different composition. While the hydrobilirubin contains
9.22 per cent nitrogen, according to Maly, the urobilin contains only
4.09 per cent nitrogen, according to Hopkins and Garrod, and 5.93 per
cent nitrogen, according to Fromholdt. In the urobilin of the feces,
stercobilin, which is identical with urobilin, Hopkins and Garrod found
1
Centralbl. f. d. med. \\’issensch., 1868 and 1869, and Virchow’s Arch., 47.
2
See MacMunn, Proc. Roy. Soc, 31 and 35; Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Gesellsch., 14,
and’journ. of Physiol., 6 and 10; Bogomoloff, Maly’s Jahresber., 22; Eichholz, Journ.
of Physiol., 14; Ad. Jolles, Pfluger’s Arch., 61.
3
Revue de medecine, 1 7, 1897.
4
Maly, Ann. d. Chem. u. Pharm., 163; Disque, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 2;
Stokvis, Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., 1873, 211 and 449; Hoppe-Seyler, Ber. d.
deutsch. chem. Gesellsch., 7; Le Nobel, Pfluger’s Arch., 40; Nencki and Sieber,
Monatshefte f. Chem., 9, and Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 24; MacMunn, Proc. Roy.
Soc, 31.
6
H. Fischer and Meyer-Betz, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 75.
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
