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CONJUGATED GLUCURONIC ACIDS. 817
toses. Jolles 1
considers the preparation of the osazonc as a specially conclusive
test and the distillation of the osazone with hydrochloric acid and testing the
distillate with Bial’s reagent.
Rosenberger 2 believes he has detected a heptose in the urine in a case of
diabetes. According to him and to Geelmuyden 3
probably different varieties
of sugar, which are not well known, can possibly occur in urine of diabetics.
Conjugated Glucuronic Acids. Certain conjugated glucuronic acids
such as menthol- and turpentine-glucuronic acid may spontaneously
decompose in the urine, and in this case they may readily lead to a con-
fusion with pentoses. The urine should always be fresh as possible
for these examinations.
A confusion of the glucuronic acids, which have a reducing power on
copper or bismuth solutions, with glucose and fructose, can be pre-
vented by the fermentation test. They may also be distinguished from
glucose by their optical behavior, as the conjugated glucuronic acids
are levogyrate. On boiling with an acid, dextrorotatory glucuronic acid
is produced and the levorotation is changed to dextrorotation.
The conjugated glucuronic acids, like the pentoses, give the phloro-
glucin-hydrochloric-acid test. On the contrary they do not give the
orcin test directly, but only after cleavage with the setting free of glucuronic
acid. On using Bial’s reagent no mistaking for pentoses occurs, although
this statement requires further substantiation. The pentoses may also
be isolated and identified by their osazones. Certain readily decomposable
glucuronic acids can here give phenylhydrazine compounds. In order to
detect glucuronic acid in the osazone precipitate, we can, as suggested
by Xeuberg and Saneyoshi 4
take a knife point (about 8 milligrams)
of the precipitate, dissolve in 4 cc. strong hydrochloric acid, dilute with
4 cc. water, heat to boiling, add at least 0.1 gram naphthoresorcin, warm
for \ minute, allow to slowly cool to 50° and shake with benzene. In the
presence of glucuronic acid the benzene solution is violet with an absorp-
tion in the yellowish-green
.
The occurrence of conjugated glucuronic acids in the urine is shown
when the urine does not give the orcin-hydrochloric-acid reaction directly,
but only after boiling with the acid. The naphthoresorcin reaction,
as suggested by Tollens, can also be used. To 5 cc. urine add 0.5 cc.
of a 1 per cent alcoholic solution of naphthoresorcin and 5 cc. hydro-
chloric acid (sp.gr. 1.19), boil for one minute, allow to stand four minutes,
1
Jolles, Bioch. Zeitschr., 2, Centralbl. f. inn. Med., 1907 and 1912, and Zeitschr.
f. anal. Chem., 46.
2
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 49.
3
Rosenberger, Centralbl. f. inn. Med., 28; Geelmuyden, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med.,
58, 63, and 70.
4
Bioch. Zeitschr., 36.
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