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848 THE SKIN AND ITS SECRETIONS.
upon the content of NaCl. Ardin-Delteil found A = —0.08-0.46°,
average— 0.327°. Brieger and Disselhorst found with perspiration
containing 2.9, 7.07 and 13.5 p. m. NaCl that the A was equal to-0.322°,
— 0.608° and —1.002°, respectively. Tarugi and Tomasinelli * found A
to be 0.52° as an average. Kittsteiner2
found that perspiration had an
average specific gravity of 1.0046 and the average quantities of nitrogen
and sulphur were 0.5 and 0.08 p. m. respectively. The NaCl content
increased with the rapidity of secretion while the nitrogen content
. diminished. The organic bodies are neutral fats, cholesterin, volatile fatty
acids, traces of protein (according to Leclerc and Smith always in
horses, and according to Gaube regularly in man, while Leube 3
claims
only occasionally after hot baths, in Bright’s disease, and after the use
of pilocarpin), creatinine (Capranica), aromatic oxyacids, ethereal-sulphuric
acids of phenol and skatoxijl (Kast 4
), sometimes also of indoxyl, serine
(page 145) and lastly urea. The quantity of urea has been determined by
Argutinsky. In two steam-bath experiments, in which in the course of
£ and | hour respectively he obtained 225 and 330 cc. of perspiration, he
found 1.61 and 1.24 p. m. urea. Of the total nitrogen of the perspiration
in these two experiments 68.5 per cent and 74.9 per cent respectively
belong to the urea. From Argutinsky’s experiments, and also from
those of Cramer,5
it follows that of the total nitrogen a portion, not to
be disregarded, is eliminated by the perspiration. This portion was
indeed 12 per cent, in an experiment of Cramer, at high temperature
and powerful muscular activity, and Zuntz and his collaborators find
indeed more than 13 per cent in high altitudes. Cramer also found
ammonia in the perspiration. In uraemia and in anuria in cholera,
urea may be secreted in such quantities, by the sweat-glands, that crystals
deposit upon the skin. The mineral bodies consist chiefly of sodium
chloride with some potassium chloride, alkali sulphate and phosphate.
The relative quantities of these in perspiration differ materially from
the amount in the urine (Favre, Kast 6
). The relation, according to
Kast, is as follows:
Chlorine
In perspiration
In urine
Phosphate
0.001.5
0.1320
Sulphate:
0.009
0.397
1
Ardin-Delteil, Maly’s Jahresber., 30; Brieger and Disselhorst, Deutsch. med.
Wochenschr., 29; Tarugi and Tomasinelli, cited in Physiol. Centralbl., 22, 748.
2
I.e.
3
Leclerc, Compt. Rend., 107; Gaube, Maly’s Jahresber., 22; Leube, Virchow’s
Arch., 48 and 50, and Arch. f. klin. Med., 7.
* Capranica, Maly’s Jahresber., 12; Kast, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 11.
5 Argutinsky, Pfluger’s Arch., 46; Cramer, Arch. f. Hygiene, 10.
•Compt. Rend., 35, and Arch, gener. de Med. (5), 2; Kast, 1. c.
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