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870 RESPIRATION AND OXIDATION.
expired air after the carbon dioxide has been removed by a suitable apparatus.
The quantity of carbon dioxide produced and the oxygen consumed can be_readily
calculated from these data.
Appendix
THE LUNGS AND THEIR EXPECTORATIONS
Besides ’proteins and the albuminoids of the connective-substance
group, lecithin, taurine (especially in ox-lungs), uric acid, and inosite
have been found in the lungs. Poulet 1
claims to have found a special
acid in the lung-tissue, which he has called -pulmotartaric acid. Glyco-
gen occurs abundantly in the embryonic lung, but is absent in the adult
organ. The proteolytic enzymes also belong to the physiological con-
stituents of the lungs. They are active in the autolysis of the
lungs (Jacoby) as well as in the solution of pneumonic infiltrations (Fr.
Muller) ?
The lungs have a strong reducing property, which Bohr explains by
the extensive oxidation processes in the lungs. According to N. Sieber
they also have the ability to decompose neutral fats, while Riehl 3
says they do not have the ability to invert milk sugar.
The black or dark-brown pigment in the lungs of human beings and domestic
animals consists chiefly of carbon, which originates from the soot in the air. The
pigment may in part also consist of melanin. Besides carbon, other bodies, such
as iron oxide, silicic acid, and clay, may be deposited in the lungs, being inhaled
as dust.
Among the bodies found in the lungs under pathological conditions
must be specially mentioned, proteoses (and peptones?) in pneumonia
and suppuration, glycogen, a slightly dextrorotatory carbohydrate
differing from glycogen, found by Potjchet in consumptives, and finally
also cellulose, which, according to Freund,4
occurs in the lungs, blood,
and pus of persons with tuberculosis.
C. \V. Schmidt found in 1000 grams of miners 1
bodies from the normal
human lung the following: NaCl 130, K2 13, Na2 195, CaO 19, MgO
19, Fe2 3 32, P2 5 485, S03 8, and sand 134 grams. According to
Oidtmann,5
the lungs of a 14-day old child contained 796.05 p. m. water,
198.19 p. m. organic bodies, and 5.76 p. m. inorganic bodies.
1
Cited from Maly’s Jahresber., 18, 248.
2
Jacoby, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 33; Muller, Verhandl. d. Kongress. f. inn.
Medizin, 1002.
1
X. Sieber, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 55; Riehl, Zeitschr. f. Biol., 48.
4
Pouchet, Compt. Rend., 96; Freund, cited from Maly’s Jahresber., 16, 471.
’Schmidt, cited from v. Gorup-Besanez, Lehrbuch, 4. Aufi., 727; Oidtmann,
ibid., 732.
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