Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - XVI. Respiration and Oxidation - II. The Exchange of Gas between the Blood, on the one hand, and Pulmonary Air and the Tissues, on the other - Appendix. The Lungs and their Expectorations - III. How are the Physiological Oxidation Processes brought about?
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PHYSIOLOGICAL OXIDATION PROCESSES. 871
The sputum is a mixture of the mucous secretion of the respiratory-
passages, of saliva and buccal mucus. Because of this its composition
is variable, especially under pathological conditions when various prod-
ucts mix with it. The chemical constituents are, besides the mineral
substances, chiefly mucin with a little proteid and nuclein substance.
Inilcr pathological conditions proteoses and peptones (?), which are
probably produced by bacterial action cr by autolysis (Wanner, Simon1
),
volatile fatty acids, glycogen, Charcot’s crystals, and also crystals of
cholesterin, hsematoidin, tyrosine, fat and fatty acids, triple phosphates,
etc., have been found.
The form constituents are, under physiological circumstances, epithe-
lium-cells of various kinds, leucocytes, sometimes also red blood-cor-
puscles and various kinds of fungi. In pathological conditions elastic
fibers, spiral formations consisting of a mucin-like substance, fibrin
ceagulum, pus, pathogenic microbes of various kinds and the above-
mentioned crystals occur.
The lung concretions contain chiefly calcium and phosphoric acid as inorganic
constituents. Silicic acid is, in Zickgraf’s opinion; an essential and constant
constituent, but according to Gerhartz and Strigel 2
is not always constant.
in. HOW ARE THE PHYSIOLOGICAL OXIDATION PROCESSES BROUGHT
ABOUT?
After the oxygen passes from the blood to the tissues a very extensive
oxidation is there carried out, which in conjunction with cleavage processes
yields finally the products carbon dioxide, water, urea and other bodies.
Little is known as to the manner in which the organism carries out such
complete oxidations. Attempts have been made for a long time to
explain the mechanism of the oxidation processes. Thus Schonbein 3
believed in the presence in the organism of oxygen in a peculiar form,
suited for the oxidation. Hoppe-Seyler4
connects the oxidation with a
simultaneous reduction; reducible or readily oxidizable substances first rup-
ture the oxygen molecule ( = 02) into atoms and take one up; the other
at the moment it is set free is especially able to oxidize. M. Traube 5
believes that in the case that a readily oxidizable (auto-oxidizable) substance
is present, the oxidation is produced by means of the entire oxygen
molecule, and indeed in the manner that water is transformed at the same
time to hydrogen peroxide, for example A-r-2H20+Oo = A(OH)2 + H202.
1
Wanner, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 75; Simon, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 49.
* Gerhartz and Strigel, Beitr. z. klin. d. Tuberkulose, 10, which also cites Zickgraf.
’Baseler, Verh., Bd. 1, 339 (1853); Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 1863, BA.
1, 274.
4
Zeitschr f. physiol. Chem., 2, 1 (1878).
* Ber. d. d. chem. Gesellsch., Bd. 15 to 26 (1882 to 1893).
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