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3
In 1890, MACFAYDEN, NENCKI, and SIEBER (40) published a valuable
piece of information. From the content of the small intestine of
a palient, collected by means of a fistula numerous platings were
made. Yeasts appeared in two of the samples, moulds in two
others. No determination of the latter was made, but in one case
it is stated that the fungus in question resembled Oidium lactis.
The authors make the following statement (pp. 325—326): »Es ist
bemerkenswerth, dass nicht allein Spalt- sondern auch Schimmel-
und Sprosspilze noch lebensfähig aus dem Darminhalt isoliert
wurden, nachdem sie also der Einwirkung des Magen- und des
Dünndarmsaftes unterworfen waren.»
HAMMERL (22) in 1897, made a study of the bacteria in human
faeces taken from vegetarians and meat-eaters. Moulds were isolated
on at least two different occasions from the faeces of both of them.
No determinations, however, were made. It is stated that moulds
were fairly common, but that they never occurred in large numbers.
The author further asserts that these saprophytic moulds dis-
appeared when sterile food was taken.
Among recent investigators, Moro (43) fimds species of Oidium
to be very common in human faeces, in fact so common, that it
can be demonstrated by cultivation to be present in every sample.
There are undoubtedly additional references in the voluminous
medical literature 1o fungi found in the alimentary canal of man.
It is certain, however, that none of the more important works
with a bearing on this problem has been overlooked. Reports on
the presence of moulds in diseased organs of the digestive apparatus
will be referred to later.
In the following account I have brought together some of the
scattered and meager accounts of fungi found in the alimentary
canal of animals, leaving out the numerous reports on coprophilous
fungi, which, biologically, have little or nothing to do with the
organisms to be discussed below. There are, no doubt, additional
ones hidden — as most of the following are — in bacteriological
treatises. Some apparent pathological cases are left out but will
be discussed later.
HAMMERL, in his paper cited above, found »widely distributed
saprophytes» in faeces of guinea pigs and rabbits, but fails to give
the species of these fungi. KOHLBRUGGE (32) also reports »moulds»
in the faeces of rabbit and adds (page 72): »Bei Tieren fand ich
sie dort nur ausnahmsweise. Sie gehen wohl schon im Mage zu
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