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9
tary tract and isolated from three different persons. P. nolalum!
and P. frequentans were both isolated from cold-blooded animals,
the former from lizard, the latter from frog.
Rhizopus nigricans, one of ihe most widely distributed moulds,
found in the air (JELLIFFE 30) as well as in soil (ADAMETZ 1, Ha-
GEM 19, 20, JENsEN 31) was isolated only once from the alimentary
canal of rabbit. Oidium lactis, fairly common in the alimentary
canal of man, has recently been found to be very common as sapro-
phyte on vegetable matter and farm products as milk, butter, cheese,
etc. (SCHNELL 55). The earlier reports of Cao (5) NOTHNAGEL (44),
and Mono (43) on the presence of this fungus in human and ani-
mal faeces have been mentioned before.
5. The Action of Temperature and Gastric Juice on
Spores of Penicillium and Aspergillus.
There is one characteristic common 1o all the forms isolated
from the alimentary canal of man and warm-blooded animals. The
optimum temperature for the growth of the different fungi lies in
the neighborhood of 37? C. It varies within a couple of degrees
in some of them, being 38°—42° C. in Aspergillus nidulans, and 37?
—40? C. in A. fumigatus. The range of the optimum temperature
is greater in Aspergillus niger and in Rhizopus nigricans but both
grow vigorously up to at least 38? C. This also holds true with
the other forms e. g. Aspergillus lerreus, A. umbrinus, A. flavus,
Oidium laclis, Penicillium divaricatum, and P. luteum, which are all
retarded in growth at room temperature. The optimum tempera-
ture of Penicillium avellaneum lies at 36°—38° C. The two forms
isolated from cold-blooded animals, namely Penicillium notatum and
T frequentans grow well at room temperature, but do not show a
sign of development at 37? C.
Before going further it seems desirable to call attention to one
of the most striking points brought out by the examinations of the
fungous content of human faeces. None of the extremely common
moulds found on almost any vegetable matter could be detected.
Aspergillus glaucus, Penicillium expansum, P. commune and other
forms of P. glaucum were not obtained from any of ihe samples.
!Dr Tuom informs me that the species I have listed here as P. notatum belongs
to a series of forms closely related to this and P. chrysogenum Thom, but is not
fully identical with any of these.
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