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4. Distribution in Nature of the Fungi found in
Human and Animal Faeces.
As no determinations were made of the different yeasts met with
it is not possible at present to state, whether the forms isolated
belong to a group of Saccharomyces more restricted in its distribu-
tion, or whether they relate themselves to those species so abundant
in soil and on vegetable matter (HANSEN 23, 24). The preponde-
rance, however, of species of Aspergillus and Penicillium is remar-
kable. Many of these forms are widely distributed in nature as
saprophytes. Aspergillus fumigatus, isolated from five different in-
dividuals, has been repeatedly found in soil (JENSEN 31) and is also
common on fermenting vegetable matter (Sopp 59, MıEHE 41, WEH-
MER 67). Aspergillus flavus has a similar distribution being com-
mon on vegetable matter (Sopp 59, WEHMER 67). It has also been
found on animal excrements (WEHMER 67). Aspergillus nidulans
seems to be relatively rare as saprophyte and, as far as the writer
knows, has not been reported as such since Eıpam (12) found the
fungus in a bumble bee’s nest. Aspergillus umbrinus, originally
isolated from brazil nuts, has not been reported since Patterson’s
description of the fungus appeared (PATTERSON 48) Aspergillus
lerreus is the manuscript name of a fungus already known to THOM
from several sources.
The spores of several of the aspergilli found in faeces are fur-
thermore constantly found in the air. JELLIFFE (30) isolated A.
niger and GALLI-VALERIO (16) found both A. niger and A. flavus to
be present in the atmosphere at high altitudes. Other investigators
of the atmospheric flora e. g. HAGEM (19), RostTRUP (53), and SAITO
(54) list additional forms. They are especially common in our
living-rooms, and it is very doubtful whether any inhabited room
can be found to be free from these organisms.
Of species of Penicillium found in the alimentary tract P. luteum
from elk is a well-known and common saprophyte on vegetable
matter (WEHMER 68), and has also been found abundant in the air
(WESTLING 70) Of particular interest is the form isolated from
bear, P. avellaneum, now published for the first time and described
in detail elsewhere. (THOM and Tunrssow 64). P. divaricatum does
not seem to have been reported since THom described the species
in his monograph (THom 63). It was fairly common in the alimen-
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