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12
antiseptic properties. Bacteria flourish in juice obtained from ma-
ceration of the pancreas (KOHLBRUGGE 32), and our common moulds
grow well in trypsin (FERMI 15). HIROKAWA (27) found that B. coli
and a number of other bacteria grew well in the bile from man,
and MACFAYDEN, NENCKI, and SIEBER (40) got similar results from
their cultural experiments of microorganisms with 2% bile.
Up to the time of KOHLBRUGGE, succus entericus — alkaline and
rich in food substances — was held to be an exceptionally fine
media for bacteria. Indeed, Horowitz showed that it had a decided
favorable influence on the growth of bacteria (KUsTER 34). The
scarcity of the bacterial flora in the small intestine of man has
been noticed, however, and KOHLBRUGGE (33) attemps to explain
this peculiarity by assuming an »auto-sterilization» of the intestinal
wall. Microorganisms in contact with the mucosa of the small
intestine were killed and a reduction in the secretion of succus
entericus — as in pathogenic cases — led to an increase in the
number of bacteria in the intestine. A complete auto-sterilization of
the intestine does not take place in the case of dog, rabbit, and a
few other animals, and KOHLBRUGGE warns against generaliza-
tion of his results obtained from man.
Any toxic effect of succus entericus has not been noticed. Fungous
spores fed to rabbits (discussed more in detail below) were recovered
in cultures as easily from the small intestine as from the large,
upon the death of the animal. Further evidence is given by Macray-
DEN, NENCKI, and SIEBER (40) who — as mentioned above — iso-
lated fungi from the small intestine of man.
While it holds true that the intestinal juices have no toxic effect
on fungous spores, it is equally true, that a concentration of hyd-
rochloric acid identical with or slightly higher than that of the
gastric juice, does not destroy the vitality of spores of Aspergillus
and Penicillium at ordinary temperatures. A very different effect
was found from incubation of certain species at high temperatures.
Spores of Penicillium notatum and P. frequentans sown in artificial
gastric juice and incubated at 37° C. were found to have lost their
vitality after 48 hours. Control cultures kept at approximately
25° C, the optimum for these species, invariably showed growth.
None of the thermophilous species isolated from man and warm-
blooded animals and incubated at 37° C. in the artificial juice,
were found to be killed. Penicillium avellaneum had even ger-
minated and developed a rich growth of hyphae. The temperature
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