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26
cillium stoloniferum). Honey somewhat diluted n water was
given them in sterile food cups. No moulds present. June 29. No
sign of uneasiness could be seen. July 1. One drowned in the
honey. July 3. The remaining still alive.
Series iL
July 12. 12 bees were used. 10 c.c. honey were given them. No
moulds present. July 14. As lively as when putin the cage. When
the cage was knocked the usual roaring sound was heard. July 16.
Found clustered together in the morning in one corner of the box.
No sign of disease. July 17. All alive but one.
Series III.
July 17. 11 bees were used. 10 c.c. honey were given them. No
moulds present. July 19. All alive. July 21. Great satisfaction
among the bees demonstrated by the rapid vibration of the wings
and the elevated abdomens. July 23. All alive but two.
Series IV.
July 23. 16 bees were used. 10 c.c. honey were given. No moulds
present. July 50. All of the bees alive and healthy.
3. The nature of the toxic substances in the moulds.
The virulent toxic action of the moulds on bees is clearly de-
monstrated in the above. The symptoms of poisoning are on the
whole the same irrespective of the mould employed in the feeding
experiments. At first a feverish haste and rushing is noticeable
among the bees. They run around as intoxicated, but only for a
few hours. Then there is a stage of great drowsiness accompanied
(as in the case of Cladosporium herbarum) by violent trembling of
the wings and of the body. At the same time a more or less
pronounced swelling of the abdomen is seen. The mouthparts and
abdomen are incessantly rubbed and scratched, but after some time
the insect becomes inactive and too weak to move about except
with great difficulty. It crawls around dragging along the swollen
abdomen. Sometimes it makes a few feeble attempts to fly, but it
soon lies on its side stretching its legs in the air and dies quietly.
The digestive apparatus is found to have undergone same charac-
teristic disturbances. Ventriculus and in a still higher degree rectum
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