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are abnormally dilated giving the swollen appearance to the ab-
domen.
An interesting parallel to these symptoms of poisoning from moulds
in bees is found in another paper by the writer (24) where an ac-
count is given of feeding experiments on rabbils with a number of
species of the genus Aspergillus and with Penicillium avellaneum
Thom and Turesson and P. divaricatum Thom. The symptoms
of poisoning from these moulds are muscular convulsions resembling
tetanus, weakness and paralysis, followed by death. The identity
of this disease, in all probability the same as a certain disease
prevalent among domesticated animals, by the veterinarians called
epizootic cerebro-spinal meningitis, with bee-paralysis will become
clearer from the following quotation from the paper just mentioned
(pag. 21). »Some characteristic disturbances of the digestive appa-
ratus were common to all the animals fed (rabbits). In most of
them the stomach was hard and filled to its limits with undigested
food. Faecal matter had accumulated and abnormally distended
EC CACCUIN .. 2... The symptoms of poisoning from the toxic
moulds were invariably muscular convulsions resembling tetanus.
The animal becomes so weak that it can no longer support itself.
The mouth is kept wide open, the head is thrown backwards and
friction sounds are distinctly heard at each heart beat. Paresis,
especially of the hind quarters, is apparent. Finally the pulse be-
comes weak and slow and the temperature sub-normal.»
From the investigations of Gosro (12) and particularly from those
of ÅLSBERG and Brack (1, 2) we are now comparatively well in-
formed of the chemistry of the toxic substances in moulds. Gosio,
who used Roulin’s solution, found that Penicillium endowed the
culture medium with the power of reacting like a phenol with
weak aqueous ferric-chlorid solution. Furthermore, the culture me-
dium, which presented other properties characteristic of phenols as
well gave rise to symptoms resembling phenol poisoning when
injected into mice, rats, quinea pigs, rabbits, cats or dogs. Gosio
drew the conclusion that phenols are produced bv the moulds, and
that the toxicity of the culture medium is due to their presence.
ALsBERG and BLAcK succeeded to isolate and chemically identify the
characteristic phenolic substances in Penicillium puberulum Bainier
and P. stoloniferum Thom. Both elaborates phenolic acids; P. pu-
berulum »penicillic acid» with the formula C4, H,, O,, and P.
sloloniferum another new phenolic acid, mycophenolic acid, to which
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