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255
in its nutritive action, the antagonistic function must be exercised
at least in the optimal point VI and cause the high dry-weight at
this point, the corresponding point of which in the second ex-
periment shows evident starvation.
Another fact that has not been taken into consideration in the
discussion of the curves is the variation of the ratio belween cal-
cium and the other ions of the solution, on the one hand, and
that of the ratio bebween sodium and the other ions, on the other.
The author is quite aware of the fact that the question as to
whether the disregarding of these facts, (which may well influence
the results) is permissible or not, cannot be answered with safety
at the present stage of our knowledge, but in the following lines
he will compare the facts of the experiments with some compiled
data from the literature on the subject. Most of these data are
not strictly comparable with those published in this paper, but a
comparison will nevertheless be made with the object of proving
that even if the results provided by the literature were comparable
with those given by the author’s experiments, no essential objec-
tions to the probability of the conclusions given above can be
founded on the experiments to be cited. If on the other hand, as
is much more probable, the cited statements cannot be applied to
our case, it must be remembered that the chief conclusions above
have been founded on the difference between the corresponding
points of our two curves, each pair of which represents the same
ratio between calcium and all other ions except sodium. The
question must therefore be reduced — in all probability at least
— to the variation of the ratio between sodium and other ions.
The antagonism between the two nearly related ions, potassium
and sodium, even in concentrated solutions is found to be of minor
importance in comparison with that between sodium and calcium
(OsrEnHovT 1909, p. 99 [16], a general statement which very pro-
bably may be true also for dilute solutions, if on the whole this
effect is noticeable in dilute solutions. The antagonism between
sodium and magnesium may be of influence, and if this is so the
difference between the two curves may be caused by this antago-
nism and that of sodium to calcium, or by the first alone. But
it does not seem probable that one of these functions, — both
being well marked in concentrated solutions — should be exercised
and the other not. The statement that the antagonism of sodium
to calcium is at least one of the causes of the difference between
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