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53
ön damp ineadows. Soine others grow in spruce-groves,
grovedelis and ön birch-slopes. The other species most frequentlv
grow ön rocks or 011 stony and sandy banks of rivers.
In all associations now discribed both southern and northern
species occur together. This feature is common in the higher parts of
the Norrlandian pine-forest-region. The author is of opinion, that
the southern plants, to a great extent, are relicts from the subboreal
period. Hut the immigration of the s])ruce bas also caused some
plants to become rarer. The northern species probably did not occur
at that time in these associations, bill have immigrated thanks to
the deterioration of the climate since that time. — As already
men-tioned the largest part of Dalarne belongs to the pine-forest-region,
but during the subboreal period a great part of southern Dalarne
belonged to the oak-region. E. g. the above described
rock-associations at Nyberget and the grove-delis and the birch-meadows
at Säter were situated in the oak-region of the Litorina-time.
During the subboreal period the alpine region must have been
conlined to the highest mountains of Sweden. Ön pp. 30 and 31
two mountains ol alpine charader in Våmhus and Älfdalen are
described. Their height is 700—800 m. Notwithstanding, a typical
alpine heath-vegetation occurs ön their verv tops. The author tliinks,
that alpine plants, such as Arctostaphylos alpina. Azalea procumbens,
Junciis trifidus and Lycopodium alpinum have not grown ön those
mountains during the subboreal period. Those mountains must
have been quite covered with forest-vegetation.
11. GYPSOPHILA FASTIGIATA IN THF MORA-DISTRICT.
In the neighbourhood of Mora by the lake Siljan Gypsophila
fastigiata grows in several places. In natural associations very few
specimens occur. All grew in pine-heaths. Ön p. 32 all plants, which
grew in these pine-heaths together with Gypsophila, are mentioned.
When the ground-vegetation of mosses and lichens is destroyed and
the sand laid bare, Gypsophila immediately becomes möre common.
In such places the author found the species mentioned ön p. 35—
37. At one place the author found a rather large Held of recent
drift-sand. A list of plants growing there is given ön p. 33. It is of
great interest, that ön the pine-heaths of this district Anthyllis
vulne-raria, Calamagrostis epigeios and Gare,v ericetorum occur. All of
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