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SüRVEY OP ITS HISTORY.
89
by means of a military revolution, became necessary (1809). A Riksdag was
called together to draw up a new Constitution, and the result of its deliberations
is the Constitution now in force.
Recent Times (1809 to the present day). The history of Sweden during
the present century will be so often treated of, from different points of view, in
the following sections of this book, that we can here confine ourselves to some
few chief data.
Out of the Revolution evolved the Constitution of 1809, still existing, and
which has secured to Sweden ninety years of internal and external peace, with
a great material and intellectual development, under the protection of a
constitutional form of government. The Kings of Sweden during the time have been
Charles Kill (1809/18), Charles XIV John (1818/44) — the first of the line
of Bernadottes to ascend the throne — Oscar 7(1844/59), Charles X P (1859/72),
and Oscar II (since 1872).
The University Palace of Uppsala.
The first years after 1809 brought with them important incidents in the
sphere of foreign politics, viz. the participation of Sweden in the war of freedom
against Napoleon (1813), and the union with Norway (1814), of which latter
event an account is given elsewhere. On the conclusion of peace with Denmark,
Sweden gave to that country, in compensation for Norway, its last possession on
the other side of the Baltic — Pomerania. Since that time the two. nations
inhabiting the Scandinavian peninsula have pursued a strictly defensive and
peaceful policy, sheltered by the seas encompassing them from sudden invasion, and
not unnecessarily interfering in the affairs of Europe.
For some decades the Scandinavian Movement appeared in great strength,
expressing itself in an endeavour to unite more closely the three Scandinavian
Sweden. 6 †
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