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306
IV. EDUCATION AND MENTAL CULTURE IN SWEDEN.
School for the Deaf and Dumb, Venergborg.
According to this law, the education of deaf mutes is a public concern
within the purview of the County councils, nevertheless with important assistance
from the State, which also exercises a certain superintendence over it. This
instruction moreover, is obligatory. The school age is from 7, and continues for
8 years from the time the pupil first enters the school. Private instruction is
subjected to the control of the Public school Boards.
For the official education of deaf-mutes Sweden is divided into 7 districts,
each with its Board, and one school at the least. Every district determines
its own detail arrangements, which admits of multifarious developments in
mutual competition, productive of excellent result. The need of greater unity,
however, has been felt in certain practical questions, and to meet this need, plans
have been prepared by delegates from the various boards, especially touching the
teaching-staff, their salaries, and pensions.
At every school there is ja trial class of one year, where the children are
examined as to whether they can be advanced to the articulation-method
division, which is the main feature of the school, and implies that the pupil learns
to speak, and also to read the spoken language from the lips of others. Those
who cannot are placed in the class for writing-methods, which teaches the
finger-alphabet and writing, or in that for the method of signs, which embraces
gestures, supplemented, to a greater or less extent, by writing and the
finger-alphabet. But even children who are taught according to the articulation-method
are divided into groups according to their ability of following instruction — a
regulation which constitutes one of the cornerstones of the Swedish organization
of teaching deaf-mutes.
The Swedish deaf and dumb schools are establishments on a large scale (counting,
as a rule, a hundred pupils or more) with newly erected, expensive buildings (to a
total value of more than 2 million kronor), and excellent educational appliances.
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