Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - VI. Agriculture and Cattle-Breeding - 3. Dairies and Dairy-farming. By N. Engström, Ph. D., Alnarp - Measures for the Furtherance of Dairy-Farming
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MEASURES FOR THE FURTHERANCE OF DAIRY-FARMING. 585
The itinerant teachers were originally (from 1862 onwards) women
(dairy-instructresses), in the employ of the several Agricultural
Societies. Since about the close of the seventies, however, male
instructors, styled Dairy Experts, have more generally occupied these
positions, and in many provinces they have superseded the
dairy-instructresses altogether. At present, there are Dairy Experts attached
to all the Agricultural Societies, except one. Some of the societies
engage dairy-instructresses too, these being principally employed for
some length of time at one place, in teaching some detail of dairying,
verv often that of cheese-making. — The total amount expended by
Agricultural Societies in measures for the furtherance of the dairying
industry in 1901 was about 100,000 kronor (à lno shilling or 0-268
dollar).
Dairy Exhibitions and Associations. An important agency in
the development of dairy-farming as an industry have been the
exhibitions of dairy produce.
From 1853 to 1891, these exhibitions were held in connection with the
General Swedish agricultural shows, but now the dairy exhibitions are quite
apart from them. As dairy-farming became extended, the need for more
frequent and larger exhibitions was felt, and since the close of the sixties, such
exhibitions have become fairly regular; sometimes, several of them have been
held in one year; thus at Malmö, for the province of Skåne and its
neighbours, down to the year 1890, and at Gothenburg, for Western and Central
Sweden, down to the year 1893. Recently, these exhibitions have resolved
themselves into butter-testing meetings at the centers of export, the customary
export article being there subjected to various tests of its quality, etc.
These butter-testings commenced at Malmö in 1891, and the example was
followed at Gothenburg in 1893. Since 1894, these functions have been
officially termed the Swedish Butter-testings and are under a uniform control, being
supported by Government to the extent of 10,000 (raised in 1899 to 15,000)
kronor annually. Since 1896, a Board has been charged with the management of
all of them, deputies on it being appointed by the Agricultural Societies taking
part, and they are subject to the inspection of the Royal Board of Agriculture.
These Butter-testings have increasingly been supported by makers, as many
as 393 dairies taking part in them in 1900; 1,680 kegs of butter from these
dairies were tested as to quality, quantity of water contained, and as to the
presence of special ingredients for preserving the butter, without any of the latter
being discovered in a single one. The dairies that submit their produce to these
tests are the more important ones, as a rule; consequently about 75 % of the
whole export of butter is thus under control.
General Cheese-Exhibitions in conjunction "with conferences of dairymen
were organized in Stockholm in 1894, 1895, and 1899 by the Royal Board of
Agriculture; it is intended that they shall from time to time be repeated.
Besides the above-mentioned exhibitions, the scope of which has been
considerable, smaller shows have been held in many places, being a regular feature
oa the programmes of some of the Agricultural Societies; these, too, in their
measure, contribute effectively to stimulate the industry.
Dairy and Dairyfarmers’ Associations are also important factors in the
pro-ipects of future advance; there exists a variety of them. Their object is partly to
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