Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - X. Manufacturing Industries. By Å. G. Ekstrand, Ph. D., Chief Engineer, Control Office of the Department of Finance - 11. Other Industries - The Electric Industry, by A. Enström, Ph. D., C. E., Stockholm
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X. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES OF SWEDEN.
At several large Iron works, 9uch as Sandviken, Fagersta, Hofors, etc., the
rolling mills are worked by electric motors (treephase system). The first rolling
mill motors (à 200 horse-power) were put up in 1894/96 at Hofors; the largest
motor for this purpose is to be found at Fagersta (à 600 horse-power). They
are generally constructed according to a special system, Tandem-system, elaborated
at the Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (General Swedish Electric Com
pany, Ltd.) at Vesterås. This system affords a convenient use of different
revolution velocities. Rolling mills with continuous current motors are set up at
Ny-kroppa (à 400 horse-power), constructed by the Electrical Company, Ltd., »Magnet»,
in Ludvika. At the mines the hoisting works are run by electric power; at some
places electric drilling-machines are in use. At several places enriching works
for the utilization of poor ores have been established, where the enriching is
carried out by means of magnetic ore-separators of Swedish construction. Electric
power distribution at industrial establish ménts and factories is used to a large
extent for running the different machines, thus substituting the old transmissions bv
way of straps and ropes. The Sandviken works possess one of the largest among
such power-distribution establishments; 2,000 horse-power are distributed on some
eighty motors. Other instances in this respect are the works of the above-said
Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget in Vesterås (à 450 horse-power), the
State Railways Reparation works at Örebro (à 300 horse-power), the Domnarfvet
Iron works, the Kvarnsveden Paper-mill, etc. Where water-power is not at
disposal, the distribution is made from a steam central, as at the Aktiebolaget
Separator in Stockholm, the Falun Carriage factory, the Höganäs Coal mines,
a number of saw-mills in Norrland, etc.
For Electro-chemical industries large power-quantities are consumed, as at
the Månsbo Chlorate factories, 3,750 horse-power, the Alby Carbide factory, 2,000
horse-power, and at a Trollhättan factory, 3,000 horse-power. At the Gysinge
works a great quantity of the power is used for electrical steel-smelting according
to the Kjellin method (»electro-steel»). Such steel-smelting is also carried on at
Brattfors according to the Héroult method.
Also for the needs of Agriculture, as for running thrashing-machines,
dairies, etc., electric power is in many places applied, especially in the Län of
Örebro in Central Sweden. Electric Railways are principally in use only for
goods-traffic of a lesser extent, being constructed according to tramway-system
with continuous current of 500—600 voit (Robertsfors—Sikeå, 9 kilometers;
Kvarnsveden—Borlänge, 6 kilometers; and transport tramways at a great number of
sawmills in Norrland). For passenger traffic, there is a narrow-gauge railway from
Stockholm to Djursholm (12 kilometers) on the same system. The question of
running the State railways as well as the larger private railways by electric
power is at present under earnest consideration. The State Railway Board has
started a thorough investigation on the conditions and possibilities for using
electricity as motor power, water-falls and peat to be the primary powers; and the
Government has, as is mentioned above, through a Water-fall Committee, caused
an investigation (by Professor Arrhenius) to be made concerning the amount of
water-power belonging to the State. — Electric Tram-ways exist in Stockholm,
Gothenburg, and Helsingborg, and are in preparation in Malmö and Norrköping.
Electric light is used to a great extent, especially in towns and more
densely populated localities, such as railway-station boroughs, works, and industrial
centers in the rural districts. Among the 93 towns of Sweden, 53 have
introduced electric light, which is furnished either from works conducted by the
respective communities or concessioned companies, and there are, moreover, 9 towns
which in a short time intend putting up electric centrals. The first town, not
only in Sweden but also in Europe having used electricity for lighting the streets
is Hernösand (1885). The largest central for electric lighting is naturally to be
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