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■2-20 III. CONSTITUTION AND ADMINISTRATION.
Table 41. Development of the Expenditure of the State.
Expenditure (in kronor) 1882 1890 1900 1913
I. Expenditure Proper:
Constitutional Expenditure (Civil List,
Departments of State, Riksdag otc.) . 2 657 209 2 866 173 2 819 533 4 049 610
Foreign Office............I 554 474 511 787 888 703 1 800 887
Defence (Army and Navy)........ 30 746 025 32 955 556 57 737106 82 769 453
Law and Justice, Civil Administration, I
Collection of Taxes etc........i 12 622 072 13 371030 15 254 490 24 209 920
Religion, Education, Science and Art . . 9 705 127 11594 674 14 827 622 31464 888
Public Health. Care of Poor and Sick . 1585 622 2 227 475 3 250 960 12 203 437
Industries and Communications . . . . 3 263 676 3 602 579 6 642 501 15 797 833
Civil Pensions and General Civil
Expenditure...............’3 564 014 4 101 529 5 271803 8 620 272
Interest on the National Debt..... 8 661709 9 014 083 6 266 192 23 981000
Expenditure Proper: Total 73 359 928 80 244 886 112 958 910 204 897 300
; II. Other Expenditure:
Acquirement of Remunerative Property . 4 649 859 5 428 811 25 587 278 51774 900
Set aside for certain funds ....... 363 700 — 1500 000 —
Paying off the National Debt.....j 1 274 997 1363 290 2 203 870 6 355 000
Other Expenditure: Total I 6288556 j 6 792101 29 291148 58129 900
shows) between Expenditure "Proper", that is, current expenditure which is
not intended to create public revenue in the future, and Expenditure for
the Increase of Capital, which increases the assets of the State — that is
to say, is intended to yield returns in the future. The subdivisions of these
two main headings are also set forth in the Table.
The development both of the total amount of public expenditure and
also of the chief branches of expenditure is set forth in Table 41.1
As the Table shows, there has been a marked increase in the "Expenditure
Proper" — though the expression is here used in a sense somewhat different
from that which it bears in the present Budget — especially since 1900; and
the same statement holds good in a yet higher degree as regards the "Other
Expenditure"; but in that case it chiefly imports a great increase in the capital
funds of the State. The great rise in the expenditure is not peculiar to Sweden;
to a certain extent it is only apparent, as it is caused partly by the fall in the
value of money during the period (since 1900) and partly by the transition from
a natural to a money economy (the abolition of the old military tenure
establishment called indelningsverket); but it is also to some degree a reality and, as
such, an expression of the fact that to a far greater extent than before the
State devotes itself or contributes to certain social functions, amongst which
there are some that in former times were entirely paid for by the smallest local
units of government (kommunerna). The most marked (relative) increase is
shown, as appears from the Table, by the expenditure on the maintenance of
public health, the care of the sick, poor relief, industries, education, etc. The
State’s contribution to social reform, on the other hand, does not stand out as
1 As the reform of the Budget did not take effect till 1912, it has not been possible in
this place to adopt the new presentment of the Budget. The figures are based on the
statistics brought together by the Royal Commission of 1907 on National Defence, with
additions for 1913. They deal with the actual expenditure for the earlier years, but for 1913
they are Budget Estimates.
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