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combined economy of the public spending bodies.
245
of special importance in international comparisons; and an attempt will
therefore be made in this place to take a single comprehensive view
of the economy of all the public authorities combined, although the
figures given can only be approximate. The public administrative bodies
are, in the main, following: the State, the Comity Councils (or landsting)
— therein including the local official Agricultural Societies
(hushållningssällskap) and Forest Conserratiou Boards (skogsvurdssli/relser) — the
Larger Towns (i. e., those which are not under the County Councils), the
remaining or Smaller Toirus, the Rural Comm uues, and the Road-Service
Districts.
As regards the expenditure of the public spending bodies, we may first
show the division of expenditure (based 011 a collation of data printed
in the Ekonomisk Tidskrift for 1911) among the different authorities:
Administrative Authorities
Mill. kr. Percentage
The State........................................................237’S 43-5
Ccunty Councils (including Agricultural Societies and Forest
Conservation Boards)................................................19 ’6 3 6
Larger Towns (not under the County Councils)......................133 6 24’5
Smaller Towns (represented in the County Councils)..................79 4 14 6
Rural Communes..................................................62 5 115
ltoad-Service Districts..............................................12-4 2’3
Total 544-7 100(1
1 The figures for the State are based on the Budget for 1911, but those for the other
authorities on the accounts of 1908. There are other unavoidable inconsistencies.
The above list shows that less than half the total expenditure falls 011
the Stale, and that the figure for all the towns, large and small,
together is not much less than that for the State.
The distribution of the different purposes on which public money has
been spent among the different authorities is set forth in Table 44. A
glance at this table shows that in all cases, with the sole exception of
defence, all the great items of public expenditure are defrayed partly
by the State and partly by the Local Government bodies. The State
Budget, therefore, gives far too low an idea of the total expenditure
for most public purposes, but on the other hand gives far too high a
representation of the costs of defence in comparison with other expenses.
Passing next to the revenue of the public spending bodies, we notice
that, in the make-up of the total receipts, taxes pay a far smaller part
in the Local Government budget — especially those of the towns —
than in that of the State. The remainder of the income required is
supplied partly by income-yielding property and undertakings of various
kinds — specially in the towns — and partly, as appears from Table 44,
by grant.- in aid from the State — this is specially the case with the
rural communes — and finally by means of various dues. The amount
of debt contracted by the local administrative bodies is also great, as
appears from the detailed statement in Table 57. The manner in which
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