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hygiene and care of the sick.
273
appear of a regulated medical service. Some doctors practising in
Stockholm obtained by humble petition the right of establishing a
collegium medicorum, which was endowed with certain privileges in
1663, during the regency of Charles XI; and out of this clique of
physicians, originally private, gradually developed the legal authority that lias
to superintend the hygiene of the kingdom.
The control of the entire civil medical administration in Sweden is
exercised by the Royal Medical Board, and over that of the military and naval
forces by the Army and the Navy Medical Boards. The first is composed
of a President, termed Director General, and six Bureau-Chiefs. Among
these, four are doctors and one a veterinary surgeon. For
controlling matters affecting the special branch of administration in the Army
and Navy, there are Army and Navy Surgeons in Chief respectively.
These officials are appointed by the Government.
Everyone who has taken the degree of Licentiate in Medicine has a
right to practise as a physician. The Swedish University Medical Course
is a long one, averaging about 9—10 years after matriculation, and,
generally speaking, a man seldom completes his studies before he is 28 or
29. Since 1870, the right of practising medicine has been granted to
women also. Students receive the requisite training at the two
Universities of Uppsala and Lund, as well as at the Karolinska institutet in
Stockholm (Caroline Medico-Surgical Institute).
The number of physicians at different periods since 1860 appears in Table 50.
At the beginning of 1913, there were in Sweden 1 562 Licentiates in Medicine,
amongst whom nearly 40 were ladies. If from these figures a deduction is
made for the number of physicians who are prevented from practising, either on
account of their official positions, their age, or for some other reason, there
remain about 1 350, who may be considered directly occupied with the medical
treatment of civilians and the services.
Table 50. Staff and Institutions for Medical Relief.
At the end of i otal 0 f Per 100 000 inhabitants
[-Physicians Mid-wives Hospitals-]
{+Physi- cians Mid- wives Hospi- tals+} 1 [-Sickbeds* Apothecaries’-] {+Sick- beds* Apothec- aries’+} shops [-Physicians Mid-wives Sickbeds Apothecaries’-] {+Physi- cians Mid- wives Sick- beds Apothec- aries’+} shops
1860 .... 445 1525 54 3171 159 11’5 39’5 82 412
1865 .... 505 1 717 63 3 760 187 12-3 41-7 91 4’55
1870 .... 560 1864 83 4 733 200 13-4 44-7 114 4’80
1875 .... 549 2151 108 5 299 227 12.5 491 121 5’18
1880 .... 555 2 264 133 6 772 234 12-2 49-8 148 5’12
1885 .... 624 2 377 152 7 385 245 13-3 508 158 5’23
1890 .... 806 2 478 187 8 416 259 16-8 51-8 176 5’41
1895 .... 1002 2 626 229 9 480 297 20-4 534 193 604
1900. . . . 1131 2 782 250 11077 322 220 54-2 216 6’27
1905 .... 1198 2 916 301 12 414 351 22 6 55’1 234 6 63
1910 .... 1247 2 988 333 15 997 369 22-6 54-1 290 668
1 Lazarets, cottage hospitals and hospitals for infectious diseases, military- and lying-in
hospitals, children’s homes, and lunatic asylums not included.
18 —13 f 179. Sweden. I.
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