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344
iv. education and mental culture.
the supervision of school board or diocese boards. But as the State
contributes to their maintenance, they fall to be mentioned at this place. The aim
of these schools is to impart instruction which will be useful for men and
women in their future calling. The teaching is arranged on university lines, in
the shape of lectures and studies under the guidance of some eminent teacher:
there are no set books or regular class lessons. The first People’s High Schools
were founded in Sweden in 1868. At present there are 44 of them in
existence.
Besides the kinds of schools already mentioned, there is yet another
kind, which must be regarded as a temporary expedient, namely the
Smaller Elementary School (mindre folkskola), with a more limited course
of instruction and teachers of lower qualifications. These schools are
intended for children living in regions remote from a regular elementary
school.
Government of the Elementary Schools. The elementary schools are
parish institutions, grants in aid of which are made by the State (see
in the following). Thus the supervision of the elementary schools is
naturally in the hands of the parish on the one hand, and the State, on the
other.
The’ parish authorities are the Vestry Meetings and the School Boards.
The Yestry Meeting decides on general matters of school
administration, on the number and kind of schools within the district, and so
forth, also granting the necessary means for the purpose. The School
Board is the executive, which superintends the actual working of the
school machinery. In certain towns there are special regulations as
to the mode of this superintendence (see in the following). The School
Board may, if the Vestry Meeting make the necessary grant, appoint to
assist them a superintendent (överlärare), and (or) a school inspector. There
are school superintendents (in some places called head teacher, förste
lärare) in most of the towns and in a number of populous rural districts.
The number of superintendents is at present 156. There are municipal
school inspectors in 24 towns.
The State authorities are the Government school inspectors, the
Chapters, which are district boards, and the Royal Board of Elementary Schools,
which is the central supervisory board. By a Royal Decree of the 9th
October 1914 the Government school inspection has grown more
efficacious. After this the Government school inspectors are not allowed to
hold another service, nor Commission, unless the Elementary Schools
Board finds that the same Commission gives no cause to impediment
to his office. As the inspectors then generally are obliged to exclusively
attend to their office, larger districts are allotted to them, and the
number of districts are reduced from 46 to 34. The inspectors are
appointed by the Government. If an inspector has complaints to make
about the management of the school in his districts, he brings them
before the School Board, suggesting means for remedying the defects.
Should the subject of complaint still remain unredressed, he may report
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