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elementary education.
345
the case to the proper Chapter. The Chapters are, as has been
mentioned, district boards, one for each diocese. Their chief duty is to examine
into and determine on cases of appeal from the decisions of the Vestry
Meetings and the School Boards, and to issue regulations for the various
school districts in the diocese. The Royal Board of Elementary Schools
(Folkskoleöverstyrelsen), which was created by an Act of 1913, and
came into operation at the ingress of the year 1914, is the central authority
for the elementary schools all over Sweden. The Elementary Schools
Board consists of a Director in Chief, four members, and the requisite
number of officials. It ranges under the Department for Ecclesiastical
Affairs.
Teachers. There are two distinct classes of teachers in the
elementary schools, namely the elementary school teachers proper,
(folkskollärare), and the infant school teachers (småskollärare). The former
are either men or women, the latter almost without exception women.
The male and female teachers have the same legal rights and duties.
In some places there are special teachers for drawing, singing,
gymnastics, and sloyd, but in the great majority of schools these subjects too
are managed by the ordinary elementary school teachers. There are
specially trained women teachers for household economy (which practically
means "cookery").
To become an elementary school teacher, one must pass an examination
called folksJcollärareexamen. This examination is taken from one of
the State training colleges for elementary school teachers, or at one
of the private institutions of the same kind that have been officially
authorized to hold this examination.
Table 61. Number of Teachers and Scholars in the Elementary Schools.1
Mean population [-Teachers-] {+Tea- chers+} Per 10 000 of pop. Teachers Thereof in the
elementary schools2 Scholars
Annually Men Women Men Women Total number Per each
teacher
1886 ..... 4 700 000 12 605 26-8 5 293 7 312 4 223 1356 677 939 53-8
1886—90 . 4 742 000 13 065 27-6 5 362 7 703 4 332 1471 685 655 52’5
1891—95 . . . 4 a32 000 14 296 29-6 5 516 8 780 4 535 1881 706 903 49 4
1896-00 . . . 5 032 000 15 907 31-6 5 634 10 273 4 778 2 438 737 429 46-4
1901-05 . . . 5 214 000 17 876 34-3 5 951 11 925 5131 2 745 753 379 42-1
1906-10 . . . 5 406 000 20 523 38-0 6 286 14 237 5 500 3 588 778 965 38-n
1910..... 5 499 000 21 636 39-3 6 396 15 240 5 602 4 013 791 899 36-6
1911..... 5 542 000 22148 40-0 6 485 15 663 5 689 4157 796 583 36-0
1912..... 5 583 000 22 641 40-6 6 520 16 121 5 743 4 306 803 577 355
1 The figures refer to elementary schools of all kinds (see Table 60). — 2 In the
elementary schools proper (see Table 60, third column). Instructors are included in the previous
columns, but not in these two columns. The total number of instructors in 1912 was
1865, namely 493 men and 1372 women.
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