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medical gymnastics on ling’s system.
431
zine (Tidskrift i Gymnastik). It comes oui in quarterly numbers, each
containing about 80 pages, and is the organ of the Swedish Association
of Teachers of Gymnastics. Articles in German, French, and English are
included in it. A history of the Central Gymnastic Institute has been
published.
Medical Gymnastics on Ling’s System.
Medical gymnastics are throughout the civilized world called Swedish
medical gymnastics (Svensk sjukgymnastik), when it is to be indicated
that they are based on scientific principles. Moreover, medical gymnastics
have been developed chiefly by Swedes, especially by medical men
appointed to the Central Gymnastic Institute and to the Gymnastic-Orthopedic
Institute in Stockholm. The latter was founded in the year 1822 by
Nils Åkerman, M. D., and since the year 1827 has received Government
grants. At this institute it is that orthopedic gymnastics have been chiefly
developed.
As having most contributed to progress ought to be mentioned, besides
the work of the two government institutions, the founding of the system
of medico-mechanical gymnastics by Dr Gustaf Zander, in 1857 (see
below), and of Gynecological gymnastics by Major Ture Brandt, in 1861.
Since that time medical gymnastics according to Ling’s system have been
styled "manual gymnastics".
The Central Institute is the State establishment for instruction in
medical gymnastics; it provides a course of two years for females, three years
for males, for gaining the diploma of the Board of Health. The same
privilege has been enjoyed by female students at Dr J. Arwedson’s
Institute in Stockholm, since 1902 inclusive, and at Captain A. G. Thulin’s in
Lund, since 1911. To these three establishments, which train about 100
licensed gymnasts annually, admission is restricted to such as have passed
the matriculation examination, or completed the course at a higher school
for girls.
Several private institute have sprung up for the instruction of medical
gymnasts — in Stockholm as well as in provincial towns; the conditions for
admission to them are very much less strict, and the teaching, which the State does
not control, is theoretically as well as practically somewhat incomplete at some
of them. The certificates given are not officially recognised in Sweden. The
gymnasts educated in this way — at least 200 year — practise both in Sweden
and abroad.
Shorter courses in medical gymnastics are given, by teachers engaged for
this purpose, to the medical students at the universities of Uppsala and
Stockholm.
In almost every town and at every health resort in Sweden there exist
establishments for medical gymnastics. In the year 1912, 6 339 patients
were treated at the larger medical gymnastic institutes, and af these 2 986
gratuitously.
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