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physical anthropology.
547
Axel Kock-
il. B. Richert (1837—86) was a teacher with stimulating powers. L. F. Läffler
(born 1847), a fruitful author also in other spheres of northern philology, has
given fundamental contributions to the conception of the history of Teutonic
and Scandinavian sounds. A. Noreen (born 1854), has proved himself an
exceedingly prolific and notable author. By his first endeavours he created an
epoch in the history of. dialects. Later he published highly valued works in the
departments of Old West Scandinavian and Old Swedish grammar as well as
general philology. In 1903, after more than ten years of preparation, he
began to publish the first comprehensive and complete grammar of modern
Swedish, called "Vårt språk" (Our Speech). Researches of special importance
in Swedish and general Scandinavian soundhistory have been made by A. Koch
(born 1851), the editor of "Arkiv för nordisk filologi" (Archives of Scandinavian
Philology), the leading journal of its kind to-day. He, more than any one else,
has enriched, by his numerous works, our knowledge of the development of the
Swedish language. He is collecting considerable parts of his studies on the
whole subject in a great work now under publication, entitled "Svensk ljudlära"
(History of Swedish Sounds). Valuable studies on word-formation and the
loanwords in Swedish, especially on the influence of Low German upon Swedish,
have been produced by F. A. Tamm (1847 —1905), who has bequeathed us an
Etymological Swedish Dictionary, unfortunately uncompleted. Among junior
students, especially active in this direction we should mention E. Wadstein (born
1861), E. Hellqvist (born 1864), K. F. N. Beckman (born 1868), O. v. Friesen
(born 1870), B. Hesselman (born 1875), E. Olson (born 1876), Hj. Lindroth
(born 1878).
The more psychical sides of the language and, in natural connection with
them, philology in a restricted and centralized sense, have, especially of låte
years, been the object of a steadily increasing interest among Swedish philologists.
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