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political economy and sociology.
567
the most brilliant name is that of Hans Forssell (1843—1901), historian and
Minister of Finance, unsurpassed in beauty of style and diction; he was the
first to devote scientific treatment to Swedish economic history, especially that
of the 16th century; and further the historian of economic literature in the
"Period of Liberty", and afterwards Governor of the National bank, J. W. Arnberg
<1832—1900), "Anteckningar om Frihetstidens politiska ekonomi" (Notes on
Political Economy in the Period of Liberty), 1868.
Finally in the middle of the eighties the school of social policy forged ahead,
in essentials influenced from Germany, concurrently with the rise of social
democracy in Sweden, and the new protectionist policy in trade also originating
from Germany. The exponents of this new school, especially in social politics,
-were Johan Leffler (1845 —1912) and Axel Raphael (born 1850), who jointly
with others published a handbook of political economy, "Det ekonomiska
samhällslivet" (The Economic Life of Society, 1894—1902), and Pontus Fahlbeck
(born 1850), Professor of the Political Science and Statistics in Lund, who
moreover is the founder of university study of statistics in Sweden. Interest
in social politics elicited the donation of V. E. Lovén (1857—85), who not
only financed "Skrifter utgivna av Lorénska stiftelsen" (Studies published by the
Lorén Foundation) (1890—99), a series of monographs principally in social
politics, in 17 volumes, but also facilitated investigations in the field of economics
outside social questions.
Studies in economic subjects have been flourishing during the last 15 years
in Sweden, in connection partly with the creation of a special organ for political
■economy, the "Ekonomisk tidskrift" (Economic Journal, 1899), and partly with
the founding of several new professorships in the subject, at Stockholm and
Gothenburg Universities, in 1904 and 1903 respectively, and at the Handelshögskolan
(commercial university) at Stockholm in 1909. We must rank among political
economists now active and attached to Swedish Universities: David Davidson (born
1854), professor at Uppsala, editor of the Economic Journal, who has worked
primarily on the theoretical side and in the spheres of banking and financial science;
Knut Wicksell (born 1851), professor at Lund, an adherent of the "Austrian school"
in political economy, with mathematical treatment of theoretical problems, and
•especially concerned with those of the theory of money, public finance, and
population: he has issued several works in German; Gustav Cassel (born 1866),
professor at Stockholm University, has published among other things writings on
the theory of price, interest, money, social politics, public finance and railway
rates, in English and German; Gustaf F. Steffen (see below). Eli F. Heckscher
{born 1879), professor at the Handelshögskolan, who has dealt with the history
of economics, economics of enterprise, commercial policy, etc ; Nils Wohlin (born
1881), docent at Stockholm University, who has published a series of works in
Swedish agrarian history; Sven Brisman (born 1881), docent at the
Handelshögskolan, who has especially applied himself to monetary problems and banking;
Fritz Brock (born 1877), docent at Lund, who has addressed himself to the
theory of distribution; Emil Sommarin (born 1874), docent at Lund, who has
published works in Swedish social history.
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