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agricultural science.
593
hus. He was active in many ways in the interests of agriculture: he was the
author of a number of manuals on stock-breeding, e. g., on cattle-rearing, on the
rearing of pigs, and on sheep-farming, and of numbers of shorter essays; he
translated very largely from the literatures of foreign countries on the same subjects;
he was, furthermore, a talented lecturer and public speaker and a keen debater;
with all these multifarious activities he may, in truth, be said to have been the
most energetic and successful advocate of the cause of modern Swedish agriculture,
and has, perhaps, done more than any one else in Sweden to foster its development.
In the field of Agricultural Chemistry, a great deal of work has been done, and
that of considerable value. Hampus v. Post (1822 —1911), an eminent geologist
and botanist, and lector at Ultuna, has proved himself possessed of original
ideas, especially as a leader of experimental work, and by such writings of his
as "Principles of Farming-Chemistry", etc.; his researches on the Swedish
soils, and his creation of the accepted terminology for Swedish soil-varieties,
are among his best contributions to agricultural science and are specially
meritorious. — No less noteworthy is the work done by Alex. Midler (1828—1906),
the first agricultural chemist appointed by the Academy of Agriculture, in 1856;
his achievements were not restricted to one, but touched upon almost all
branches of the science. The development of the method of soil-analysis that
stands to his account, the thorough study he gave to soils, to methods of
manuring, and to the cultivating of peat-mosses, the attention he paid to questions
of urban sanitation, wholesome drinking-water, etc., the results of all of which
were printed in Swedish and German publications, establish him as an unusually
energetic and successful promoter of the science of agricultural chemistry. C.
E. Bergstrand (b. 1830), also agricultural chemist to the Academy of
Agriculture and the holder of other posts of distinction, carried out important
research-work and wrote a number of books, etc., among which may be
mentioned "The Principles of Agricultural-Chemical Analysis", "The Composition of
Fodder-Stuffs", "An Examination of Stratified Marl", etc.
Very great importance attaches to the exceedingly thorough and eminently
practical researches in various fields carried on by the låte L. Fr. Nilson
(1840—99); he, too, was chemist to the Academy of Agriculture; among his
works may be mentioned here: "Studies on the Percentage of Fatty Matter in
Cows’ Milk", "On the Gottland Soils", "On Certain Feeding Materials and
Swedish Forage-plants", etc. Among other noted agricultural chemists may be
mentioned: C. G. Eggertz (b. 1845), author of works on "Vegetable Moulds in
tilled Fields and Moor Tracts" and of "Attempts at the Cultivation of Moorland",
etc.; Albert Atterberg (b. 1846), also known through his classification of cereals
and soils; Mats Weibull (b. 1856), who specially devoted his attention to
experiments and analyses of soils, especially as regards the reaction of arable lands,
and their need of lime, and who also planned new methods of chemical tests
for dairy-products, manures etc. etc.
Investigations and experiments in the domain of agriculture have, of låte
years, gradually been specialized. The Swedish Seed Association, for example,
has been working since 1866 for the improvement, creation, and systematizing
of cultivated plants by means of a most extensive system of experiments
directed by N. Hj. Nilsson (b. 1856), N. H. Nilsson-Ehle (b. 1873), H. Tedin
(b. 1860), H. Witte (b. 1877), etc.
In the same year, the Swedish Moor Culture Association also began its
praiseworthy labours by both theoretically and practically promoting the
cultivation of peat-mosses in Sweden; amongst the leaders may be noticed C. von
Feilitzen (1840—1901), his son, C. A. Hj. von Feilitzen (b. 1870), E. Haglund
(b. 1877), etc. — Both the Associations mentioned publish the scientific results
of their work in their respective special technical journals.
38—133179. Sweden. I.
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