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physic’s.
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mathematician and optician, was the first professor of physics at the University
of Uppsala (1755), where he was a successful and influential teacher. The most
celebrated of his pupils was J. K. Wilcke (1732—01»), one of the most eminent
electricians of the times. Among his works should lie specially singled out for
mention his observations on the variations in terrestrial magnetism, in which he
corroborated the observations of Celsius on the influence of the aurora borealis
on the magnetic needle, and also his notable studies on calorimetry, the main
principles of which he independently discovered. — G. G. Hällström (1775 —
1844), professor at Abo was famous for his valuable researches on the
expansion of bodies by heat.
In the nineteenth century physical sience entered upon its most glorious
phase. F. Rudberg (1800—30) won fame by a series of important experimental
researches. Among these, special mention may be made of his researches in the
optical properties of crystals, his improvements in the construction and testing
of the thermometer, his discovery of double melting-points in certain metallic
alloys, and his researches regarding the expansion of gases, especially his
determination of the coefficient of the expansion of air. — A. F. Svanberg (180C—
57) has, among other things, investigated the thermo-electrical force in bismuth
and antimony crystals, and also constructed and described several apparatus of
great ingenuity, viz. an electric duplicator, the precursor, in principle, of Holtz’
"influence" machine, and a galvanic differential thermometer, which differs only
in technical details from Langley’s bolometer (for measuring the intensity of
radiant heat).
t it
Anders Jonas Angstrom
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