Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - V. Social Movements - 1. Labour Questions and Social politics - Legislation for the Protection of Workers. (Factory Laws etc.). By M. Marcus and J. A. E. Molin
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legislation for the protection of workers. (factory laws etc.) 711
of 15 is taking part in school instruction, the hours of labour shall further be
limited in such wise, that the total time of instruction and work shall not exceed
the limits just named. The work shall be interrupted by suitable and regular
intervals. Finally, in industry minors shall not be employed in night work,
that is work between the hours of 7 p. m. and 6 a. m. An exception from
this rule is, however, allowed in the case of male minors over 16 years of age
employed in work limited to at most 8 hours out of the twenty-four, and which
does not fall oftener than every third week between the hours of 11 p. m.
and 5 a. m.
Minors shall not be employed for work in large industry, unless the employer
is provided with a "certificate book" (iutygsbok) made out for the minor which,
besides giving the name, age, and school standing of the minor, shall contain
a doctor’s certificate showing that the minor does not show signs of infirmity,
debility, or bad physical development, or, if that should be the case, that the
minor cannot be deemed to suffer injury from the work in which he or she is
employed.
The regulations of the Act with regard to the employment of minors are
concluded by authorization for Government (1) with regard to such work in
large industry which for technical reasons must be carried on day and night,
or be pushed on at certain times, to grant exemptions from the above named
prohibition against night work and (2) to prescribe conditions or prohibitions
with regard to the employment of minors in those kind of occupations that may
be deemed to be attended by particular danger of accidents, or to be dangerous
to health or morals. On the ground of the last named authorization, a Royal
decree of the 31 December 1912 has been issued prohibiting the employment of
children in certain dangerous occupations.
Employment of Women. Women, no matter what their age, shall not
be employed in work under ground in quarries or mines. In large industry
a female worker shall not be employed during the first six weeks after
childbirth, unless she can produce a doctor’s certificate to show that she can begin
work earlier without injury either to herself or the child. A female worker who
asks for leave of absence during the fortnight before childbirth shall not be
refused it. A woman who suckles her child herself shall not be refused the
required leave of absence. Moreover, with regard to the employment of female
workers, the King is empowered to prescribe conditions or prohibitions with
respect to employments that are found to be attended by special danger of
accident, or of injury to health or morals.
Supervision etc. The observance of the provisions of the law is, subject
to the supervision of a supreme authority for the inspection of trades (Social
Board: Bureau for the Protection of Workers), by 10 inspectors of trades (one
of whom is a lady inspector), with 11 assistants, 6 inspectors of mines, besides
mining engineers, 18 sub-inspectors, and finally communal supervisory authorities:
as a rule, the boards of health and the communal boards. The Government
is entitled, irrespective of the manner in which supervision is distributed under
the law, to commit the supervision of a certain kind of work to special
inspectors, and, where this may be necessary for a more efficient general organization
of the supervision, to prescribe modifications in the limits of the powers of the
different supervisory authorities. Inspectors of trades (iactories) and of mines are
under obligation, without remuneration, to examine into and pronounce with
despatch on proposals submitted to them for the building, rebuilding, or enlargement
of working premises, or for a new or modified arrangement of the work. The
proper supervisory authorities shall have access at any time to the premises. At
large factories there shall be kept a memorandumbook in which the inspector shall
record his advice and instructions, or his intention to impart advice or instructions
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