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74 (i
v. social movements.
been shown in a previous article that a praiseworthy initiative has been
taken in this regard by the elementary schools, especially by instituting
training in home industries. The need for purely trade schools has
however emerged more and more, and the establishing of these, which was
before the exception and a private matter, has in later years become a
municipal affair.
Trade Schools. The first municipal trade schools in Stockholm were
instituted in 1912. They are arranged on the one-day type, i. e., the pupils work
five days a week in their respective shops, and go to the school on the sixth.
Every school keeps a workroom for practical instruction; its theoretical
department comprises the three "r’s", drawing, hygiene, and social science. The period
of instruction is three years. Schools have so far been established for mechanics,
joiners, smiths, electric-fitters, and seamstresses.
For visiting seamstresses there is also a municipal school with a two-years’
course, but here the work goes on every week-day.
There are, moreover, trade schools established by private effort but supported
municipally; such are:
The North Trade-School of Stockholm, established 1911, of the six-day type, for
tailors and joiners.
The Masons School of the Builders’ Association, founded 1901, with two hours’
daily instruction five times a week.
The Book-Binders’ School, instituted 1907, partly of the one-day type for a
period of three years, and partly evening courses for two years; and The School
of the Hairdressers’ Association, started in 1899, with instruction eleven hours
a week for four years.
The two last have, since the municipal schools were set up, been remodelled
to close conformity with their syllabus.
The Society for Promoting Popular Education in Stockholm has, parallel with
its courses on house-keeping, arranged, since 1912, a trade school municipally
supported, with instruction six days in the week, in three sections: Domestic
duties, care of children, and dressmaking.
We may mention, among trade schools in places other than the capital, M.
Nordenfeldt’s Female Trade School in Gothenburg, partly one-day, partly evening,
and partly five-day; all of three years’ courses, and including plain needlework,
dressmaking, and costumerie. It enjoys a municipal subsidy. In Kiruna there
are trade schools in continuation of elementary schools.
In a large number of towns are, moreover, technical Sunday- and
evening-schools. Further, schools for certain trades such as building and engineering at
the Technical School of Stockholm; for the finer kinds of forging and metal
working in Eskilstuna; for weaving in Borås; the School for Mining Foremen and
Technicians in Krylbo, etc. The average age for pupils in these is, however,
considerably higher than in the trade schools proper.
There is no really systematic instruction in various trades and suitable for
different ages in Sweden, but a proposition on the subject is found in the
report given in 1912 by the Trade-School Committee. Similarly in its reports
published up to now, the Committee of Popular Education suggests the desirability
of practical superstructures on the basis of the elementary school, specialized
in various places according to the local needs. In this connection we must not
omit schools for practical work. These exist in a number of villages, and,
without being trade schools pure and simple, are intended to increase aptitude and taste
for practical work among young people. Beyond comparison, the most important
enterprise in this field consists of the boarding schools of the Sunnerdal Foundation,
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