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88
iii. rural husbandry.
centres; the Control Associations; the Veterinary System; and the
Educational System for Agriculturalists.
At the competitions for the breeding centres, which are managed by
special juries, distinction is awarded as breeding centres to such herds
as consist of prominent animals which are capable of transmitting their
good qualities to their offspring, and which also possess other
characteristics proving that they can contribute in an essential degree to the
improvement of the breeds of cattle. The two competitions that have
hitherto been held, each of which lasted two years, included herds of
Ayrshires, black-and-white Lowland cattle, and Alpine cattle, while, in
that which is now going on, there are no representatives of the Lowland
breed. The distinction of being nominated as a breeding centre holds good
for a period of three years, during which time the various centres remain
under the control of the respective breeding-centre juries.
In order to promote the establishment of pig-breeding societies, the
State contributes a grant towards covering the expenses, the grant in
question being so calculated that it ought to be an effective help
towards the procuring of boars by the societies. The additional support
of which the society and its members may be in need for the payment of
their annual expenses is not given in the shape of a yearly contribution,
but only in the form of prizes to be awarded at the prize-competitions;
the object of these is to show that the breeding work done by the society
is based on correct principles and that it is carried on satisfactorily. As
it is also a matter of importance for these societies to have, from the
very beginning, breeding animals whose offspring will give pork that can
fetch the highest price in the markets of the world -— boars of the
large, white English breed and sows of the "country" breed (Sw. lantras)
— the State also contributes to support the various kinds of breeding
centres from which it will be possible to obtain the breeding animals that
are required.
The Control Associations have been of inestimable assistance in the
measures taken for the promotion of breeding, as their chief task has
been to investigate the individual productive powers of the animals,
though the societies in question have also had other important missions to
fulfil. Among other things, it has been their task to spread a knowledge
of, and to carry out, a rational system of feeding, and, if possible, to draw
up estimates of the economy of the cow-house and the pig-sty, etc.
An account of the veterinary system of Sweden is given in another
place, so that it is not necessary here to do more than emphasize its great
importance in the task of combating infectious cattle-diseases, especially
tuberculosis.
The Swedish system of instruction in agricultural subjects has
exercised a very great influence on the development of live-stock rearing.
Capable men have been sent out from the Swedish schools of agriculture, who
have afterwards, as experimentalists, experts, teachers, or practical farm-
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