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live-stock. 89
Table 24. Number of Live-Stoclc, in 1911.
Horses above 3 years Horses under 3 years Oxen Bulls Cows Young cattle
under 2 years Sheep Goats Pigs Reindeer
493 322 95 163 144 277 52 467 1 837 035 655 830 945 709 66 136 951164 276 084
ers, spread information concerning breeding and the economy of the
farmyard. The experimental department is centralized at the
Experimentalfältet, in the immediate neighbourhood of Stockholm, and possesses a
special division for live-stock husbandry, which, up to the present, has been
occupied with a number of important questions concerning the feeding
of cattle, horses, and pigs. The State has appointed three experts in
the live-stock industry, viz., one for horned cattle, one for sheep and goats,
and one for pigs. In each of the läns of Sweden there is, too, at least one
expert appointed by the Agricultural Society of the district, who, among
other things, endeavours to improve the breeding of cattle. In addition to
the teaching given in the Agricultural Schools and the Farmers’ Schools,
instruction in live-stock husbandry is given in schools for farm-yard hands,
at courses for control assistants, at courses for small farmers, etc.
The total number of live-stock, and of the various kinds of these domestic
animals existing in Sweden in 1911, is shown by Table 24, which, together
with the other figures given below, has been obtained from the summary published
by the Central Bureau of Statistics.
The total number of animals at the close of 1911 was 5 241 103. This
amounted to 942 per 1 000 inhabitants, as compared with 972 in 1910, 959
in 1905, 1 025 in 1900, 1 061 in 1895, 1 038 in 1890, 1 048 in 1885, 1 024
in 1880, and 1 072 in 1870. On the whole, therefore, the proportion has
become less satisfactory. The decline proceeded from the middle of the decade
1891—1900, but the position has improved during the last few years. As regards
the numbers of the various classes of animals in proportion to the population,
and the development which, in this respect, has characterized the last four decades,
investigations show that the relative numbers of horses, bulls, and young cattle has
remained fairly stationary during the whole of the period. A very large decrease may
be noticed, on the contrary, in the case of oxen, sheep, and goats. Nowadays, oxen are
found most numerously in Östergötland and Småland, and goats in Norrland —
Jämtland especially. Among the classes of animals that have increased more rapidly than
the population during the last forty years are cows and pigs, the last-named
especially, the relative figures for which have more than doubled during the
period in question, but even in regard to these two classes of animals, the
figures bear witness to the fact that, during the last fifteen years, the
development mentioned has ceased, and, in the case of the cows, has been replaced by
a relative decline. In these calculations, consideration might be paid to numbers
alone, but all authorities on the subject agree that the quality of the animals,
of the horned cattle especially, has improved. Contemporaneously with the
improvement in the breeding of the live-stock that has taken place, greater attention
has been paid to the care of the animals, and, more especially, to the feeding
of the stock, thanks to the increased cultivation of fodder-plants and the larger
import of oil-cake and other foods.
In order to obtain a better survey of the whole, it has been customary in
statistics to reduce the live-stock of the country to "cattle-units". This reduc-
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