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the present position of the dairy-industry in sweden. ill
Prices of best export Butter. Per quintal.
Kr.
J00
200
too
Tear 1372 1875 1880 1885 1890 1835 1900 1305 1910 ISC
there has nearly always existed an excess of imports of cheese. Every now
and then efforts have been made to create an export to England, now of
one kind of cheese, and now of another, but the attempts were soon
relinquished. The competition with cheap and excellent products from the U. S. A.,
Canada, Holland, and other countries, which fill the English market, was too
severe, and, in addition, the export prices have always been lower than the figures
quoted in the home-market, so that it was impossible to obtain higher prices
for the milk by converting it into cheese than by making butter of it.
In Table 26 a survey of Sweden’s exports and imports of butter and cheese
from 1801—1913 is given as an illustration of the development of the dairying
industry of the country during the period in question.
The effect of the ice-method during the seventies and of the introduction
of the separator system after 1880 is very clearly shown by the great excess
of the exports of butter over the imports which begins then. As regards cheese,
the average figures show a steady surplus of imports, but as a matter of fact,
some few years (1871, 1887, 1888 and 1891) give export-figures which are in
excess, although but slightly, of those for the imports.
The present position of the Dairy-Industry in Sweden.
The production of milk. The raw material employed in Swedish dairying
is almost exclusively cow’s-milk. It is true that, in certain parts of the north of
Sweden, some little goat’s milk is used in the manufacture of goat’s-milk cheese
and whey-cheese, but the amount is comparatively little and plays a very
unimportant role in the milk-economy of the country. According to the statistical
reports for 1911, the number of cows possessed by Sweden in the year named
was 1 837 035; all of these, however, cannot be reckoned as milk-producing, as
under this heading are included all heifers not less than 2 years old. It is
impossible to give any reliable figures for the average annual production of
milk per cow. The averages given in the reports issued by the Swedish
Cow-Testing Associations vary with the character of the animals and especially with
the breeds to which they belong, and also with the quality of the feeding of
the cows. They amount in the southernmost läns of Sweden to more than
3 000 kilograms of milk per year, in Central Sweden to about 2 700
kilograms, and in the north of the country, to about 2 000 kilograms.
According to the reports for 1910—11, the average milking for the Malmöhus
Län Dairy Control Associations was 3 501 kilograms; for those of
Kristianstad Län 3 176 kilograms; for those of Skaraborg Län 2 679 kilograms; of
Östergötland Län 2 631 kilograms; of Stockholm Län 2 732 kilograms and
for those of Jämtland Län 2 093 kilograms. These figures, however, cannot
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