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110 iii. rural husbandry.
Table 26. Imports and Exports of Butter and Cheese.
Annually
Butter, kg
Exports
Imports Exp. — Imp.
Cheese, ig
Imports
Exports Exp. — Imp.
1801-1810. . 3 570 38 420 — 34 850 13 720 328 770 — 315 050
1811-1820. . 16 070 284 680 - 268 610 7 290 261370 — 254 080
1821-1830. . 14 290 844 910 — 830 620 500 284 700 — 284 200
1831-1840 . . 7 520 726 460 — 718 940 790 157 370 — 156 580
1841—1850. . 11 130 230 500 - 219 370 840 80 460 — 79 620
1851-1860. . 19110 432 580 — 413 470 7 800 372 290 — 364 490
1861-1870. . 661060 1209 760 - 548 700 59 910 419 770 — 359860
1871-1880. . 3674910 1960390 + 1714520 147101) 615360 — 468260
1881—1890. . 11057 880 2 521350 + 8 536 530 158 330 395 080 — 236750
1891—1900 . . 21142 549 730 258 + 20 412 291 102 300 258 320 — 156 020
1901-1910. . 18 919 889 434 869 + 18 485 020 12 950 411 135 — 398185
1911 ..... 22 175 688 155 597 + 22 020 091 2 956 337 215 — 334 259
1912 ..... 21236 722 123 885 + 21 112 837 5 430 580 211 - 574 781
1913 ..... 19 654 318 195 986 + 19 458 332 2 742 550 548 - 547 806
Note. Regarding value of imports and exports, cf. Table 8, p. 30.
nies also found it a very difficult matter to dispose of the skim-milk in a
satisfactory way.
At the beginning of the nineties, these evils were to an essential degree
cured by the employment of a new system for dairying called the
Go-operative system (Sw. andelsprincipen), a feature which may claim to be the most
prominent one in the history of the development of dairy-farming in Sweden,
during the last decade of the century. Dairies of this type had been in
existence in Denmark ever since the middle of the eighties, and had gained great
support. It is true, that the first Swedish Co-operative dairy had been established
at Vilan, in Skåne, in 1880, but it was not before the beginning of the
nineties that the class of dairies in question gained a firm footing in the
country. In 1890, of the then existing 1 562 dairies, only 73 were co-operative
establishments, but five years later, out of 1 793 dairies, 302 were on the
cooperative principle, a total which has since gradually increased. The strength
of the co-operative system lies, above all, in the fact, that the milk-suppliers
have common interests and enjoy a sense of joint proprietorship; they
themselves receive the profits that may be obtained from the milk produced on
their farms. The consequence is that they see it is to their interest to
deliver milk of good quality. It is easier, too, for the dairies in question to
obtain the necessary capital, so that it becomes easier for them to keep pace
with the demands of the times in the arrangement and equipment of their
dairies. In another respect, too, these dairies are in a better position than
their rivals, the Dairy Companies, viz., as regards the employment of the
skim-milk, this being taken back by the milk-producers and utilized in the most
suitable way on the farms.
In the above remarks only butter-making has been mentioned. The second
principal branch of dairying, the manufacture of cheese, has not, in Sweden
reached a position at all comparable with that held by butter-making. It is
true that, at an earlier date, cheese-manufacture was carried on on a relatively
large scale, but in the same degree that the main interest of the dairies gradually
aimed at increasing the export of butter, nearly all the milk supplied to the
establishments mentioned was employed for making butter, only a small
percentage being devoted to the manufacture of cheese, the home-supply of which has
not, as a rule, been quite sufficient to satisfy the Swedish markets, so that
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