Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - VII. Manufacturing Industries. Introd. by [G. Sundbärg] K. Åmark - 11. Other Industries - Graphic Industries. By Alf. Larson
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482
vii. manufacturing industries.
Marioni or Alauzet). But the newspaper issues continued to increase,
and in 1881 the first rotary press was introduced, which has since been
followed by more, so that the number of them now (1914) amounts to
some 60. Several machines, of English and French origin, are
constructed for printing in two colours.
The first composing-machine, Linotype, was imported from America.
At present 607 type-setting machines are at work, of which 400
Linotypes from America, England or Germany, 207 Typographs from
Germany.
The largest printing-house in Sweden is the Government Printing-Office
(Kungl. Boktryckeriet, P. A. Norstedt & Söner) of Stockholm, where
this book has been printed. It is owned by a joint-stock company, P. A.
Norstedt & Söner, which is at the same time the largest publishing-house
in Sweden, for which reason the firm, besides printing official
documents, carries on a publishing business of its own. The firm, founded
in 1823 and turned into a company in 1878, gives occupation to 700
hands and mates use of 28 printing-machines, of which two are rotary.
Next in size comes the Central Printing-Of fice (Centraltryckeriet), founded
in 1874. The production value in 1912 amounted at the Government
printing office to more than 2 million kronor, and at the Central
Printing-Office to 2 200 000 kronor in 1913. The latter company employs 90
machine printing-presses and 13 hand-presses. 450 hands are employed.
Among the newspaper printing-offices, the size of which is chiefly
dependent on that of the respective issues, the chief are those of
Aftonbladet and Stockholms-Tidningen.
Of type-foundries the first in Sweden was established already in
1739, but at present they are of comparatively little importance. Generally
they belong to the printing-offices and generally also make stereotypes
and electrotypes.
At the very first appearence of the photographic methods of
reproduction their great significance was understood in Sweden, and
establishments were founded for their application. To begin with, the result did
not prove altogether a success, but by perseverance the work has now
advanced so far that cliches made in Sweden can be considered very
satisfactory.
Lithographic and phototype establishments. For the production of
plates, particulary for scientific purposes, lithographic establishments
were founded at an early date, and their number steadily increased till
the end of the eighties, when the competition of the printing-offices began
to make itself felt. In 1912, there existed in Sweden 40 Lithographic
institutions with 1 451 workers and a production value of 4 142 000 kronor.
The greatest was the Lithographic Joint-Stock Company of Norrköping
(Norrköpings Litografiska Aktiebolag), which chiefly produces mercantile
prints in large issues to a value (1914) of about 2 300 000 kronor. Then
come the Lithographic Printing-Office of the General Staff (A. Börtzells
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