Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - VII. Manufacturing Industries. Introd. by [G. Sundbärg] K. Åmark - 11. Other Industries - Graphic Industries. By Alf. Larson - 12. Handicrafts and Domestic Industries. [By A. Raphael] - Handicrafts. By C. J. F. Ljunggren
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handicrafts.
4*3
tryckeriaktiebolag), which mainly prints maps, scientific plates, and
photographic reproductions, especially all the official maps of Sweden, with
a production value of 600 000 kronor, and the Lithographic department of
the Central Printing-Office for music, securities, and mercantile documents.
The phototype establishments, as a rule, form part of the
photo-chemi-graphic establishments and are chiefly employed in the reproduction of
works of art and scientific prints, as well as of photographs.
An important economic amalgamation in this domain is the Aktiebolaget
Sveriges litografiska tryckerier, Stockholm 1913.
12. HANDICRAFTS AND DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES.
Handicrafts.
The main features of the history of handicrafts in Sweden, as far as
regards its earlier phases, and those of the Middle Ages in particular,
may be said to be connected with the rise and development of the
guild-system, as, in consequence of German and also, in part, of Danish
influence in the country, the system in question was introduced into
Sweden, and the way thereby prepared for the promulgation of
guild-regulations, which, as in Germany, were calculated to enable the masters
of the handicrafts to pursue their work profitably and also to obtain
for them certain social privileges.
Just as elsewhere, Swedish professional handicraft traces its origin from the
domestic industries of the towns, where a more numerous population could make
division of labour advantageous and supply special craftsmen with enough
customers to secure them a living.
The attention devoted to the well-being of the towns caused the authorities
at an early period to attempt to concentrate in them trade as well as
handicrafts; a letter written by Duke Valdemar in 1315 contains instructions on this
point. The common law of the rural districts (country law of 1347), however,
grants the artisans the right of carrying on their trades in these districts, and
the urban (borough) law did not forbid this at any rate; only goldsmiths were
at this time absolutely enjoined to live in towns.
The first noteworthy technical progress of handicrafts, as well as the legal
forms, by which they were controlled down to our own days — The Guilds —
Sweden chiefly owes to foreigners — i. e... to those German craftsmen who,
after the middle of the 13th century., came to settle in the larger Swedish
towns. As early as in the town-law of the city of Yisby, on the island of
Gottland, more than twenty different guilds are enumerated; in the other parts of
Sweden this institution was most probably not introduced till the beginning of
the 14th century. The oldest Swedish guild document in existence is King
Magnus Erikson’s letters patent of 1356 to "the Tailors’ Company" in Stockholm;
the oldest guild regulations are those for the Stockholm shoemakers (earlier
than 1474). The guild regulations for the capital were probably also in force
for the craftsmen of country towns.
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