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702
XII. SYNOPSIS OF TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL LEGISLATION.
tion is registrable. Written procuration iihplies that the procurator is authorized
to represent his principal before court of law or other authority, and to come
to terms on his behalf. However, a procurator is not entitled to transfer away
the real property of his principal or to permit it to be mortgages. Procuration
conferring more limited powers than the above is not registrable.
Aliens.
As regards the right of aliens to carry on trade in Sweden, a certain
amount of information may be culled from the above account. It is now
proposed to gather up the law on the subject into a brief summary. The
general rule is that the right of aliens to carry on trade, industry,
handicraft,, or other occupation with a view to commercial profit, is subject to
the sanction of Government.
The procedure is as follows: An application is lodged with Konungens
Befallning shavande, the Governor of the Län, accompanied by a certificate
showing that the applicant is myndig, that is, of age and not under wardship,
and that he possesses god frejd, a good character (this certificate is issued by
the priest of the district in which one resides). Besides this, there must be a
borgen, a guarantor’s signature, or other security, for the due payment of rates
and taxes during three years. The application must state the town or place in
which the business is to be carried on. The Governor of the Län, having
received these papers, may find it necessary to make further inquiries about
the applicant and to demand explanations on certain points. He then forwards
all the documents with his own comments to the State Department of Finance.
When the intention is to carry on any such business as a blast furnace, a
foundry, a forge, an iron works, or other establishment intended for the
utilization of refinement of the products of the mineral kingdom, and not in the
nature of a handicraft, notice shall be given not to the Governor of the Län,
but to Kommerskollegium, the Board of Trade (see above).
The license to carry on trade or other occupation for commercial profit
includes the right to transport goods between places in Sweden and to and from
places abroad. But the license does not include the right of peddling
(gdrdfarihandel), nor of assisting in peddling. Nor does the license include the
right of selling-off stock (realisation), nor of assisting therein, without a special
license from Government. The procedure is the same as in the case of an
application for trading rights. On the other hand, no license is needed for
an alien to hold a share in a ship (recla i skepp) but his share must not
extend to more than a third of the tonnage of the vessel, and he shall not be
the principal owner.
Not is a special license required for an alien to ship on board a Swedish
vessel, subject, however, to the proviso, that in shipping on board a vessel in
Sweden itself, the crew shall not consist more than as to one fourth of
aliens. The master or mate shall not be an alien. During the herring season
in Bohuslän, an alien who is desirous of purchasing fish for exportation, need
only give notice to that effect to the länsstyrelse (län government), or to
the kronobetjänt (country police officer), or to the magistrat (the Magistracy).
This! does not however involve the right to cure fish, except so far as that
may be necessary for the preservation of the fish in transit.
An alien requires a Government license in order to become a member of the
board. iOf a ^Swedish joint-stock company or a registered society. An alien may
not be a, share-holder in a joint-stock banking company or in an unlimited
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