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72 SWEDENBORG’S TRAVELS AND DIARIES. [Doc. 205.
of the furnace, before and above the blast, but at the sides,
first one-fourth and then one-third , and at last one-half of
charcoal mixed with it; the quantity of charcoal being greater
or less according to the effect which is to be produced
by it. 3. If the peat is calcined it does not contain so much
sulphur as to injure the metal ; nevertheless, a good deal of
sulphur still remains, so that it cannot be used, unless the
production of a stone [copper stone, &c.] is first desired.
4. Much of the peat is lost by calcining; from one piece of
crude peat very little charcoal remains. Leisner told me that
the piece remaining equals a fist ; that it is a conglomerate
mass, and somewhat hard. This I can scarcely believe ; for this
calcined earth does not yield much coal, even if it be of the
very best quality ; almost the whole of it is lost by the pro
cess of calcining, or else only a very small quantity remains.
5. I am acquainted with three kinds of peat which are those
chiefly found ; the first consists of an intricate mass of stout
little roots ; this kind may be converted into charcoal, and
some part of it remains consisting of roots turned into char
coal. The second kind is composed partly of a complicated
mass of smaller and least roots, and partly of some which are
disintegrated and changed into some kind of soil. The third
consists altogether of a kind of loam, which is collected from
swampy places that have once been dug out, where this kind
of loam is afterwards generated. If this earth is taken out,
and in a certain form pressed together either with the feet or
hands or by a weight, the very best kind of peat is obtained.
The second and third kinds are almost altogether lost in cal
cining. 6. While the calcining is going on, the heap must be
very well covered ; this operation occupies from 24 to 72
hours. 7. Otherwise the peat can be used very well in all
cases where there is no metal and no blast to scatter and
beat it to pieces, as in ovens and common stoves, in evaporat
ing salts, vitriol, alum ; likewise in furnaces for the manufacture
of glass.
August 30. In company with Henkel,58 the Councillor of
Mines, I visited Trier, the aulic Councillor and Councillor of
Mines, and saw various kinds of ores and shells, besides the
skeleton of a marmoset (
felis marina) with its bones and legs
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