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96 ACTIVE MOVEMENTS:
points of attachment of the muscles become approximated to each
other.
The movement is mostly employed for muscular and nervous
stimulations, and for stiffness in the ankle-joint.
Raising of the Legs or Trunk while lying on the
Back (figs. 59, 60).
We have here two movements shown in full action, in which
the psoas and iliacus muscles take the principal part, but in
which the muscles of the lower extremities are also at work,
only the fixed point is reversed. The primary position for the
Fig. 59.
patient is to lie straight on his back. In fig. 5 9 he lifts the legs
up to a right angle or more. In fig. 60 he gradually raises the
trunk until he attains a sitting position. In the exercise
depicted in fig. 59 we sometimes steady the patient by laying
our hands on the elbows, while in the raising of the trunk the
hands grasp the ankles ; and in both we isolate the psoas and
iliacus muscles by deep abdominal respiration.
That full respiration is necessary we can readily understand,
for the muscles of the lower extremity are more or less in action,
keeping the knee and ankle steady, so that the psoas and iliacus
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