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(1871-1962)
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teknisk tidskrift

5 juli 1930

to inter-connect them by means of a system of
high tension transmission lines, (usually called the
"Grid") and to close down the smaller and less
efficient stations, who will redeem the capital thus
rendered useless from the saving in cost of
electricity due to the supply from the National service
being cheaper than their own generating cost. This
brings about a simplification of control over all the
main generating stations in the country. The Central
Electricity Board purchases from the generating
stations, and supplies authorised undertakers with
electricity for distribution purposes. The high
tension transmission voltage has been standardised at
132 000 volts ± 10 %.

Some of this work of inter-connection and the
closing down of smaller stations has now been
completed, and it can safely be prophesied that electrical
development in Great Britain will be very
substantially accelerated as a result, as an electricity supply
will become available not only in every town, but also
in every village and throughout the countryside, at a
standardised voltage, and at comparatively low
prices. Its use in agriculture is thus likely to grow
considerably.

There is a growing tendency in the supply industry
to provide tariffs which encourage the 24-hour use
of electrical energy, and in this connection an
intensive campaign is being carried out to encourage the
domestic use of such apparatus as water heaters, etc.
It is interesting to note that an Electrical Association
for Women has been formed, for the purpose of
making the housewife appreciate not only the
advantages of the introduction of electrical labour-saving
devices into the home, but to encourage the
understanding by the non-technical woman of the small
technical details necessary to enable her to maintain
her installation in proper working order, and to call
for adequate wiring in the house.

Recently, the voltages for electric traction have
been standardised at 750 and 1 500 volts, with the
possible alternative of 3 000 volts, to be used in
special cases. Direct current has been adopted as
the standard, and the existing railways working on
alternating current are in progress of rapid conversion.
It is probable, therefore, that electric traction on
railways will develop substantially in this country,
particularly so in the case of suburban traffic.

On the manufacturing side of the industry in Great
Britain, there has been a definite trend towards
amalgamation, with a view to the more efficient production
and distribution of products, brought about by the
co-ordination of the research work, the pooling of
the patent rights, the greater possibilities of mass
production, and the elimination of a multiplicity of
competitive types of apparatus fulfilling the same
purpose.

Electrical engineers in Great Britain have always
taken an active part in international work. The
Institution of Electrical Engineers has always been an
active supporter of international co-operation: it
organised the first meetings which led to the forma-

tion of the I. E. C., and has invariably taken a
leading-part in developing international work in the
electrical field. This Institution, wich requires high
qualifications for its members, has a membership in all
classes of over 14 000, is the leading scientific body
in the electrical industry of the country, and is not
under the control of any trade interests. It
maintains a Standing Committee charged with the
responsibility of seeing that effective co-operation
between the British electrical industry and any
international movement is secured.

The British National Committee of the
International Electrotechnical Commission includes among its
members representatives of all the interested
electrical organisations in Great Britain. It is identical
in personnel with a committee which is so
representative of all the electrical interests in the country
that it is very appropriately called the Electrical
Industry Committee of the British Standards
Association. So actively interested are the electrical
engineers of Great Britain in international co-operation
that as soon as definite decisions are promulgated
by the I. E. C., this Committee instructs its
Sub-Committees to review the national electrical
specifications, with a view to bringing them in line with the
international recommendations.

The work of the International Electrotechnical
Commission may primarily be said to come under the
general term of standardisation. The I. E. C. secures
general international agreement to the promulgation
of recommendations which become available for the
use of commerce and industry in the purchase of
electrical machinery and apparatus.

Necessarily, international agreement must follow
national agreement, and it may be of interest to
indicate here the extent to which electrical
standardization in the industrial sphere has developed
iu Great Britain, as the general trend of
internationalism must lead to a development in the international
field on somewhat similar lines to that being carried
out nationally in most countries. In Great Britain,
there are also 110 British Standard Specifications
for electrical machines and apparatus. In many of
these the decisions reached by the I. E. C. have been
adopted. These standards are prepared in the
closest co-operation between all branches of the
electrical industry, and the committee responsible for
then-preparation is. as has been stated before, the
National Committee which co-operates with the I. E. C.

It can therefore safely be said in conclusion that
the British electrical interests follow out the spirit
of the work being carried out by the I. E. C., and it
is gratifying to be able to state that the British
delegation to the Plenary meeting in Stockholm
numbers about 50 members, including representatives
of all the principal electrical bodies in Great Britain.

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