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cryohydrates will escape to the surface of the ice through
these channels and engender those unfrozen brines, which
attracted the attention of Nordenskiöld and his followers.
The sea-ice is certainly no homogeneous body. I would
compare it to a crystalline rock, for example a granite, which
contains a number of different crystallized combinations.
Every one of the constituents: the feldspar, the mica, the
silicia is liable to decomposition in its own peculiar w ay. The
products of this decomposition escape in the form of aqeous
solutions, until the remainder, which can not be decomposed
any more in situ, is mechanically carried off as clay and sand
with the glaciers or with the water of the rivers to give birth
to new geological formations. Thus the crystallized
constituents of the sea-ice, one by one, are attacked by decomposition,
even before the arctic summer has broken the ties, which bind
the ice-floe to its birth-place. The rest, which can not be
attained by metamorphosis in these high latitudes, viz. the
pure ice and the most perdurable cryohydrates, is caught by
the mechanical force of the ice-current, which carries the
skeletons of the polar ice back to southern latitudes to unite
again with the warmer parts of the ocean.
CHAPTER 6.
On the latent heat of fresh and salt water,
conclusions.
Pure water.
The latent heat of pure water below zero is, as already
mentioned, theoretically calculated by Person. From my
experimental verification ’ of his formula the following table is
cited:
when the temperature approaches the melting-point, and in sea-ice by fall
of temperature (see the illustrations on plate 21 & 22).
1 The following table is reproduced here, because the subject is of
essential importance to the description of the physical properties of pure
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