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it receives and gives out heat to the
atmosphere, the surrounding water, etc... by
radiation and convection, q-2, q3,.................... ijr;, ¡jr ...
it separates from the surrounding water
at — 2° C [abs. temp. T’ = 271] by freezing as
ice + solid cryohydrates, 1 thereby developing
R
the latent heat R.......................................... g?. >
the ice receives and imparts heat to the
atmosphere etc... n, r>, . . .■..................... Il, ...
11 1-2
3. The algebraic sum of the fractions:
Q q, E Ii etc = o
T ’ T, " ’ T’ ’ T,-........
since the ice is supposed to return to its initial state. We
can not evaluate all these quantities, but we nevertheless can
form an idea of the character of the whole cycle from the
head members
Q i K
and ¿jr; *
the influence of which must be predominating. If we leave
aside ’the secondary changes, represented by ^ , rjf-... ^ , ^
etc. .. we conclude from the fact, that
Q > R and T > T’,
that the result of the melting and freezing of sea-ice is
twofold, viz:
a quantity of heat, R, is transported as thermic energy
from one part of the ocean (where the melting takes place) to
another (where the water freezes again);
another quantity of heat can simultaneously be
transformed into mechanic energy. If we assume T = ■— 0°... 0
and T’ = —1°,9, the quantity of heat available for mechanic
effect would be
Q T ~ T| = 0.55.. Cal. for every kgr. of ice.
We must expect it to be far less in reality. That part of the
available energy, which is really transformed into work, is
surely too small to influence the experimental measurements.
Exact calculus is impossible at present, because we do not
know the exact value of the quantities T, R, qi, qj . .. etc...
1 Some unfrozen cryohydrates will also be enclosed in the new sea-ice,
which afterwards solidify and melt as the temperature falls or rises. The
thermic influence of these processes will on the whole neutralize each other.
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