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quence of this is also to be seen in the graphic illustration
on section I, viz. that the ice at the surface is prevented
from melting by the vi,cinity of the ice-cold water a score of
metres below. Just at those places indicated in section I,
where the isothermal lines of —2° and —l°.s rise from the
deep to within 20 metres from the surface, the Vega
encountered vast ice-floes. In his report to Dr. Oscar Dickson
Nordenskiöld writes: 1
»I had long indulged in the hope of reporting, that we
had arrived at the Yenisei without meeting with a single
block of ice. At our arrival at the latitudes of Beli Ostrow,
however, waves and wind died away in a manner, which
unmistakably indicated the presence of ice. Subsequently we
encountered vast floes of drift ice, which, however, were
sufficiently scattered and corroded not to put any serious obstacles
to the progress of our ship. East of the Beli Ostrow island
we found the sea entirely free from ice».
From a close inspection of the following sections [f. ex.
Ill, VII & VIIIJ we learn, that almost in every place, where
the ships journal tells us of an encounter with the ice, there
is a marked tendency in the cold-water isotherms to rise
towards the surface. In the following I intend to return once
more to this fact.
Petermann,2 endeavouring to trace the isotherms of the
surface water of the Kara Sea for July and August from the
Norwegian observations in 1870, stated the fact, that the
middle part of the sea between Novaya Zemlya and the Beli
Ostrow island has the lowest temperature and is frequently
covered with ice in summer. This observation has been
confirmed by every expedition of later years.
»Die Norwegischen Beobachtungen weisen hier für die
Monate Juli und August in den meisten Theilen des Meeres
eine durchschnittliche Temperatur zwischen 2° und 4° auf,
ganz besonders im südwestlichen und nordöstlichen Theile,
dazwischen in der Mitte des Meeres zeigt sich eine Stelle
unter 2°, in ihrer Mitte eine noch geringere, unter 0° und bis
— 0°.8.......» Es erinnert dies an den Schmelzprocess des
Wintereises unserer Teiche auf denen zuletzt nur noch in der
Mitte eine Eisscheibe übrig bleibt.»
1 Vega-expeditionens vetenskapliga iakttagelser, Vol. 1, page 12.
2 Geogr. Mitth. 1871. Die Erschliessung eines Theiles des nördl.
Eismeeres, 1870.
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