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was not over-cooled, but was kept liquid by the influence of
the pressure, but in the case f. ex. of the observations from
the 14th April 1879 at Pitlekaj we can not well resort to this
explanation.
From the commencement of June the thickness of the ice
began to diminish and the temperature of the sea water
increased. The following table contains the last deep-soundings
made at Pitlekaj.
Depth. June 2i. ii a. m. June 25. 11 a. m. July i. 10 a. m. July 7 (10 a. m •)
Temperature. P. c. of Cl. P. c. of salt.
o + 2°.5 C + ° -9 C -f- 0°.2 C + 4°-i C 0.026 p. c. 0.047 P- c-
5 — o°.4 C o C + o°.6 C 0.072 * O.129 *
7 — o°.9 C — 0°.2 C — i °.o C I.27 * 2.28 »
io — i°.4 C — I .4 c — 1.2 C — 0 .6 C 1.65 » 2.97 »
W ater-analyses.
. I choose this opportunity to mention briefly the results
of some quantitative analyses on samples of sea-water taken
from various localities and from different depths of the Siberian
Ocean. At my request Mr. Forsberg, assistant teacher of
chemical analysis at the laboratory of the university of
Stockholm, undertook these determinations. The experimental
methods for the determination of the constituent parts of
sea-water: sodium, potassium, lime, magnesium etc... are too
well known to need any description here. Some practical
precautions in the analytical operations have been
recommended lately by experienced chemists and hydrographers, such
as Prof. Ekman1 and Mr. Schmelck.2 Mr. Forsberg
agreed with my opinion, that the experimental proceeding ought
to be conducted strictly in accordance with these principles,
in order to make the investigation of the Siberian Ocean
conformable to the previous researches on the water of the
North-Atlantic, the Kattegatt and the Baltic. Suffice it then
to say, that the amount of
1) Lime was weighed 3 as CaO, obtained by calcination of
1 Om hafsvattnet utmed Bohuslänska kusten. K. A’. A:s H. Bd 9. N:o 4.
2 Norwegian North-Atlant. exped. 1876—78. IX.
3 According to my own opinion it would be far better to calculate the
amount of Na, Ka, Mg, Ca, S04, Cl contained in 1000 cc. of the sea-water
[at 0° C], but as the usual method is: to represent empirically the composi-
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